i-centrifugation ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa ama-nanoparticles ancibilikayo

Isingeniso

I-Centrifugation iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni we-nanotechnology ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezincane ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ezimfanelweni zazo, njengosayizi, ukuma, kanye nobuningi. Izinhlayiya ezincane ezincibilikayo, ikakhulukazi, zibeka inselele eyingqayizivele ngenxa yekhono lazo lokuncibilikisa noma ukuhlakazeka endaweni yoketshezi. Lesi sihloko sigxila ekusetshenzisweni kwe-centrifugation ekuhlukaniseni izinhlayiya ezincane ezincibilikayo futhi sihlola amasu ahlukene asetshenziswa ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo.

Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation inqubo esebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya engxubeni engafani. Kuhilela ukuphotha isampula ngesivinini esikhulu, okubangela izinhlayiya zibe yizicucu ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bazo. Isimiso ngemuva kwe-centrifugation ukuthi izinhlayiya eziqinile zizohlala ngokushesha futhi zakhe i-pellet phansi kwepayipi, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezikhanyayo zizohlala ku-supernatant.

1. Amasu Endabuko Okususa I-Centrifugation

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezincane ezincibilikayo, amasu endabuko okuhlanganisa i-centrifugation angase angavezi imiphumela eyanelisayo. Njengoba izinhlayiya ezincane ezincibilikayo zivame ukuncibilika noma ukuhlakazeka endaweni ewuketshezi, zingaba yinselele ekungcoleni inhlabathi ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, kuye kwathuthukiswa izinguquko eziningana ezindleleni ezivamile zokuhlanganisa i-centrifugation ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga.

2. I-Centrifugation ye-Density Gradient

I-centrifugation ye-density gradient iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezinobukhulu obufanayo. Endabeni yezinhlayiya ezincane ezincibilikayo, i-density medium ingalungiswa ukuze ifane nobukhulu obufunwayo bezinhlayiya eziqondiwe. Ngokubeka ngokucophelela isampula phezu kwe-density gradient eyakhiwe ngaphambilini, izinhlayiya ezincane zingahlukaniswa ngokwe-density zazo njengoba zithuthela ezindaweni zazo zokulingana ngaphakathi kwe-medium.

3. I-Chromatography Yokukhipha Usayizi (i-SEC)

I-Chromatography Yokukhipha Usayizi (SEC), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-gel filtration chromatography, iyindlela ethandwayo esetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa ama-molecule noma izinhlayiya ngokusekelwe kusayizi wazo. Endabeni yezinhlayiya ezincane ezincibilikayo, i-SEC ingashintshwa ukuze ihlukanise ngempumelelo izinhlayiya ezincane ngokusekelwe kusayizi wazo we-hydrodynamic. Izinhlayiya ezincane ezincane zingangena ezimbotsheni zesigaba esingaguquki, okuholela esikhathini eside sokugcina, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezinkulu zingaphunyuka ngokushesha.

4. I-Ultracentrifugation

I-Ultracentrifugation iyindlela ethuthukisiwe ye-centrifugation ehilela isivinini esiphezulu kanye nezikhathi zokugijima ezinde kunezindlela ezivamile. Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezincane ezincibilikayo ngokulungisa amandla e-centrifugal asetshenziswayo kanye nokwenza ngcono isikhathi sokusebenza. Ngokuthola izimo ezifanele, izinhlayiya ezincane ezincibilikayo zingahlukaniswa ngempumelelo ngokusekelwe kuma-coefficients azo okusanhlamvu, okuvumela ukuqoqwa okuphumelelayo kwezinhlayiya ezincane eziqondiwe.

5. Ubukhulu-I-Gradient Ultracentrifugation

I-ultracentrifugation ye-density-gradient ihlanganisa izimiso ze-density gradient centrifugation kanye ne-ultracentrifugation ukuze kuhlukaniswe ama-nanoparticles ancibilikayo. Kusungulwa i-density gradient kusetshenziswa i-medium efanelekile, bese isampula ibekwa phezulu. I-Ultracentrifugation ibe seyenziwa ukuze kuhlukaniswe ama-nanoparticles ngokusekelwe ekuxineni kwawo futhi kufezwe ukuhlukaniswa okuphezulu. Le ndlela ivumela ukuhlukaniswa okunembile kobukhulu obuhlukene noma izinhlobo zama-nanoparticles ngendlela encibilikayo.

Isiphetho

Amasu okusebenzisa i-centrifugation abonakale ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni izinhlayiya ezincane ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nezinhlayiya ezincane ezincibilikayo. Ngokushintsha izindlela zendabuko zokusebenzisa i-centrifugation, abacwaningi bakwazile ukunqoba izinselele ezihambisana nokuncibilika kwezinhlayiya ezincane futhi bathole ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo. I-centrifugation ye-density gradient, i-chromatography yokukhipha usayizi, i-ultracentrifugation, kanye ne-density-gradient ultracentrifugation ziphakathi kwamasu ahlukene asetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezincane ezincibilikayo ngempumelelo. Lawa masu avula indlela yokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-nanotechnology emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kusukela kwezokwelapha kuya kwisayensi yezemvelo.