momwe mungalekanitsire chloroplast ndi mitochondria kudzera mu centrifugation

Kutsegula Mitsempha: Njira Yamphamvu Yolekanitsira Chloroplast ndi Mitochondria

Chiyambi:

Kugawanitsa maselo ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu sayansi ya zamoyo ndi sayansi ya zamoyo zomwe zimathandiza kulekanitsa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za maselo kutengera kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi kuchuluka kwawo. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe kugawanitsa maselo kumagawikira ma chloroplast ndi mitochondria, ma organelle awiri ofunikira omwe amapezeka m'maselo a eukaryotic omwe amagwira ntchito popanga mphamvu ndi njira zina zofunika kwambiri zamaselo.

Udindo wa Chloroplasts ndi Mitochondria mu Machitidwe a Maselo

Ma chloroplast, omwe amapezeka m'maselo a zomera, ndi omwe amachititsa photosynthesis, njira yomwe imasintha mphamvu yowala kukhala mphamvu ya mankhwala yomwe imasungidwa mu mawonekedwe a shuga. Njira yofunikayi imathandizira kupanga mpweya ndipo ndi yofunika kwambiri pakusamalira moyo padziko lapansi. Mitochondria, yomwe imapezeka m'maselo a zomera ndi nyama, nthawi zambiri imatchedwa malo amphamvu a selo. Ndiwo omwe amachititsa kupuma kwa maselo, kusintha shuga kukhala mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu selo mu mawonekedwe a adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Kufunika Kolekanitsa Ma Chloroplast ndi Mitochondria

Kumvetsetsa ntchito ndi makhalidwe a ma chloroplast ndi mitochondria ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa ofufuza omwe akufuna kudziwa zambiri za njira zamaselo ndikupanga njira zochiritsira matenda osiyanasiyana. Kulekanitsa ma organelle awa ndi kusakaniza kovuta kwa zigawo za maselo ndikofunikira kuti mupeze zitsanzo zoyera kuti ziwunikidwenso ndikuyesera. Kulekanitsidwa kumeneku n'kotheka kudzera mu centrifugation.

Zoyambira za Centrifugation

Kusuntha kwa centrifugal kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal kulekanitsa zigawo mkati mwa chitsanzo. Chitsanzocho chimayikidwa mu centrifuge, makina okhala ndi rotor yomwe imazungulira mofulumira kwambiri. Pakuzungulira, mphamvu ya centrifugal imapangitsa zigawo zokhuthala kukhala pansi, ndikupanga pellet, pomwe zigawo zochepa zokhuthala zimatsalira mu supernatant. Liwiro ndi nthawi ya centrifuge, komanso kusankha machubu a centrifuge, zimasiyana malinga ndi momwe zagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kapangidwe ka chitsanzo.

Kusiyanitsa kwa Centrifugation kwa Organelle Separation

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri pogawa organelle ndi differential centrifugation. Njira imeneyi imachokera pa mfundo yogawa chitsanzocho mwa kuchiyika pa ma differential centrifugations angapo pa liwiro lowonjezera komanso nthawi. Mwa kusintha magawo a centrifugation, ofufuza amatha kusiyanitsa bwino ma chloroplast ndi mitochondria ndi zigawo zina za maselo.

Buku Lotsogolera Gawo ndi Gawo Lolekanitsa Ma Chloroplast ndi Mitochondria

Gawo 1: Kugwirizana

Gawo loyamba pa differential centrifugation ndi homogenization ya chitsanzo. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuswa maselo pang'onopang'ono ndikutulutsa zomwe zili mkati mwake, zomwe zimathandiza kuti organelles alowemo. Njira zingapo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito posokoneza maselo, monga kusokoneza makina ndi mankhwala a nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi.

Gawo 2: Kusiyanitsa kwa Centrifugation

Pambuyo pa homogenization, chitsanzocho chimayikidwa mu mndandanda wa ma centrifugation osiyanasiyana. Kuyimitsa koyambirira kothamanga pang'ono (1000-2000 xg) kumachotsa zinyalala zazikulu zamaselo ndi maselo osasweka, ndikusiya mitochondria yopanda kanthu ndi gawo la chloroplast. Gawoli limayikidwa mu centrifugation yothamanga kwambiri (10,000-15,000 xg), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma chloroplast asiyane ndi mitochondria.

Gawo 3: Kukulitsa Chiyero

Kuti muyeretsenso chloroplast ndi mitochondria fractions zomwe zapezeka, njira zina zowonjezera za centrifugation zitha kuchitika. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyimitsanso pellet yomwe yapezeka pambuyo pa centrifugation iliyonse mu buffer yoyenera ndikubwereza njirayi mwachangu komanso nthawi yayitali. Zowonjezera izi za centrifugation zithandiza kuchotsa zodetsa zilizonse ndikuwonjezera kuyera kwa fractions yomaliza ya organelle.

Mapeto:

Kugawa maselo m'maselo ndi njira yosinthasintha yomwe yasintha kwambiri gawo la zamoyo za maselo ndipo yakhala chida chofunikira kwambiri pakugawa maselo. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yogawa maselo m'maselo osiyanasiyana, ofufuza amatha kulekanitsa bwino ma chloroplast ndi mitochondria, kupereka zitsanzo zamtengo wapatali zoyeretsedwa kuti ziwunikidwe ndi kuyesedwa kwina. Kutha kulekanitsa ma organelle awa kumatsegula zitseko zophunzirira ntchito ndi njira zawo, zomwe zimathandiza kumvetsetsa bwino njira zamaselo ndikulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo m'magawo osiyanasiyana asayansi.