chifukwa chiyani magazi sagawanika mu centrifuge

N’chifukwa Chiyani Magazi Salekanitsidwa mu Centrifuge?

Chiyambi:

Magazi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu, lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati chingwe chothandizira kunyamula mpweya, zakudya, ndi mahomoni m'thupi lathu lonse. Lili ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ma platelet, ndi plasma. Tikayesedwa kuchipatala kapena tikafunika kuikidwa magazi, ndikofunikira kulekanitsa zigawozi kuti tipeze matenda kapena kuchiritsa. Kutsegula magazi ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti tipeze kulekanitsa kumeneku bwino. Komabe, kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo chifukwa chake magazi salekanitsidwa mu centrifuge? M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izi zichitike komanso mfundo zasayansi zomwe zimalimbikitsa izi.

Zigawo za Magazi ndi Kapangidwe kake

Musanafufuze za sayansi yokhudza kulekanitsa magazi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kapangidwe kake ndi makhalidwe a zigawo zake zosiyanasiyana.

1.1 – Maselo Ofiira a M'magazi (Erythrocytes):

Maselo ofiira a m'magazi ndi maselo ochulukirapo kwambiri m'magazi athu. Amanyamula mpweya kuchokera m'mapapo kupita ku minofu ya thupi ndikutumiza mpweya wa carbon dioxide kubwerera ku mapapo kuti achotsedwe. Maselo amenewa ali ndi hemoglobin, puloteni yomwe imalumikiza mpweya ndikuwapatsa mtundu wofiira.

1.2 – Maselo Oyera a M'magazi (Ma Leukocyte):

Maselo oyera a m'magazi amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chitetezo chathu chamthupi, kuteteza matupi athu ku matenda ndi matenda. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo oyera a m'magazi, iliyonse imayang'anira njira zinazake zodzitetezera. Mosiyana ndi maselo ofiira a m'magazi, ali ndi ma nuclei ndipo alibe hemoglobin.

1.3 – Mapulateleti (Ma Thrombocyte):

Ma platelets ndi omwe amachititsa kuti magazi aziundana ndipo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchiritsa mabala. Ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta maselo tomwe timazungulira m'magazi, tomwe sitigwira ntchito mpaka mtsempha wamagazi utawonongeka. Ma platelets akangoyamba kugwira ntchito, amasonkhana pamodzi kuti apange magazi oundana, zomwe zimaletsa kutuluka magazi kwambiri.

1.4 - Plasma:

Madzi a m'magazi ndi gawo lamadzimadzi lomwe limapanga pafupifupi 55% ya kuchuluka kwake konse. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi madzi koma alinso ndi ma electrolyte, mapuloteni a m'magazi (monga albumin ndi globulins), mahomoni, ma enzyme, ndi zinyalala. Amagwira ntchito ngati njira yonyamulira zakudya, mahomoni, ndi zinyalala.

Mfundo ya Centrifugation

Kugawa mphamvu ya centrifugation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal kulekanitsa zigawo zomwe zili ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana mu chitsanzo.

2.1 - Kapangidwe ka Centrifuge:

Ma centrifuge amakhala ndi rotor, yomwe imasunga machubu okhala ndi chitsanzocho, ndi mota yomwe imazungulira rotoryo pa liwiro lalikulu. Rotor yozungulirayo imapanga mphamvu ya centrifugal, kukankhira zigawo zolemera za chitsanzocho ku makoma akunja a machubuwo.

2.2 - Mphamvu ya Centrifugal:

Mphamvu ya centrifugal ndi mphamvu yooneka yomwe imawonedwa ndi zinthu zomwe zikuyenda mozungulira. Imalunjika kutali ndi pakati pa kuzungulira ndipo imagwirizana ndi kulemera kwa chinthucho ndi sikweya ya liwiro lake. Mu centrifuge, mphamvu iyi imayendetsa kulekanitsa zigawo za magazi.

Udindo wa Kuchulukana kwa Magazi

3.1 - Kuchulukana kwa Zigawo za Magazi:

Mbali yodabwitsa ya kulekanitsidwa kwa magazi mu centrifuge ndi yakuti zigawo sizimagawanika m'magawo osiyana. M'malo mwake, zimapanga stratified gradient kutengera kuchuluka kwawo. Maselo ofiira amagazi, omwe ndi olemera kwambiri, amalowa pansi, kutsatiridwa ndi maselo oyera amagazi ndi ma platelet. Plasma imakhalabe pamwamba chifukwa ndi gawo locheperako.

3.2 - Chovala Chokongola:

Gawo lapakati, lomwe lili pakati pa maselo ofiira a m'magazi pansi ndi plasma pamwamba, limadziwika kuti buffy coat. Lili ndi chisakanizo cha maselo oyera a m'magazi ndi ma platelet. Ngakhale kuti ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi maselo ofiira a m'magazi, safalikira mofanana mu plasma yonse chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa mphamvu zosiyanasiyana.

Zinthu Zokhudza Kugawanitsa Magazi Zomwe Zimakhudza Kulekanitsa Magazi

4.1 - Liwiro la Centrifuge ndi Nthawi:

Liwiro limene rotor imazungulira komanso nthawi ya centrifugation zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulekanitsa zigawo za magazi. Liwiro lokwera komanso nthawi yayitali zimathandiza kuti pakhale kulekana bwino, chifukwa mphamvu ya centrifugal imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

4.2 - Kapangidwe ka Tube:

Kapangidwe ka chubu kamakhudzanso kulekanitsa magazi. Machubu apadera okhala ndi ma gradient mediums kapena ma gel inserts angathandize kupeza kulekanitsa kodziwika bwino, kuchepetsa mapangidwe a buffy coat ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale kufotokozera bwino pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana.

Kukhuthala kwa Viscoelasticity ndi Zinthu Zina Zomwe Zikugwira Ntchito

5.1 - Kukhuthala kwa Magazi:

Magazi ali ndi mphamvu zooneka ngati viscoelastic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi makhalidwe a madzi ndi olimba. Mphamvu imeneyi imakhudza kusamuka kwa zigawo panthawi ya centrifugation, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale buffy coat komanso kulekanitsidwa kwa zigawo zosiyana.

5.2 - Kuchepetsa kwa Centrifuge:

Momwe centrifuge imachepetsera mphamvu ya magazi pambuyo pozungulira ingakhudzirenso kulekana kwa magazi. Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya magazi mwachangu kungasokoneze kugawikana kwa zigawo, pomwe kuchepetsa mphamvu ya magazi pang'onopang'ono kumapereka kulekana koyenera.

Mapeto:

Pomaliza, kulekanitsa magazi mu centrifuge ndi chinthu chovuta chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka, kukula, ndi mawonekedwe a viscoelastic a zigawo zake. Kugawika kwapadera kumeneku kumalola kulekanitsa bwino, kuthandizira kuyesa matenda ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Kumvetsetsa zovuta zomwe zili kumbuyo kwa njirayi kumawonjezera kuyamikira kwathu mfundo zasayansi ndi uinjiniya zomwe zimayendetsa centrifuge. Pamene ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo, zatsopano zamtsogolo mosakayikira zidzasintha njira iyi, ndikupititsa patsogolo malire a kufufuza kwasayansi ndikukulitsa machitidwe azachipatala.