kungani igazi lingahlukani ku-centrifuge

Kungani Igazi Lingahlukani Ku-Centrifuge?

Isingeniso:

Igazi liyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu, lisebenza njengomzila wokuphila othutha umoya-mpilo, izakhamzimba, nama-hormone kulo lonke uhlelo lwethu. Liqukethe izingxenye ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ama-platelet, kanye ne-plasma. Uma sihlolwa noma sidinga ukumpontshelwa igazi, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa lezi zingxenye ngezinjongo zokuxilonga noma zokwelapha. I-Centrifugation iyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa ukufeza lokhu kuhlukaniswa ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani igazi lingahlukani ku-centrifuge? Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici ezifaka isandla kulesi simo esithakazelisayo kanye nezimiso zesayensi ezisisekelayo.

Izingxenye Zegazi Nezakhiwo Zazo

Ngaphambi kokufunda ngesayensi yokuhlukaniswa kwegazi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukwakheka kanye nezakhiwo zezingxenye zalo ezahlukahlukene.

1.1 – Amaseli Egazi Abomvu (ama-Erythrocyte):

Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi yiwona amangqamuzana amaningi kakhulu egazini lethu. Athwala umoya-mpilo usuka emaphashini uye ezicutshini zomzimba bese ethutha i-carbon dioxide awubuyisele emaphashini ukuze asuswe. Lawa maseli aqukethe i-hemoglobin, iphrotheni ebopha umoya-mpilo futhi iwanike umbala wawo obomvu.

1.2 – Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi (ama-Leukocyte):

Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi adlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba, evikela imizimba yethu ezifweni nasezifweni. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ngalinye ligxile ezindleleni ezithile zokuzivikela. Ngokungafani namangqamuzana abomvu egazi, anama-nuclei futhi awanawo i-hemoglobin.

1.3 – Ama-Platelet (ama-Thrombocyte):

Ama-platelet anesibopho sokujiya kwegazi futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni inxeba. Ayizingcezu ezincane zamaseli ezijikeleza egazini, ezihlala zingasebenzi kuze kube yilapho umthambo wegazi wonakele. Uma sezisebenza, ama-platelet ayahlangana ukuze akhe ama-clots, okuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile.

1.4 – I-Plasma:

I-plasma iyisakhi esiwuketshezi egazini, esakha cishe u-55% womthamo wayo wonke. Yakhiwa ngokuyinhloko ngamanzi kodwa futhi iqukethe ama-electrolyte, amaprotheni e-plasma (njenge-albumin nama-globulin), ama-hormone, ama-enzyme, kanye nemikhiqizo yokungcola. Isebenza njengendawo yokuthutha izakhamzimba, ama-hormone, kanye nezinto zokungcola.

Isimiso se-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation iyindlela esebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezinobukhulu obuhlukene kusampula.

2.1 – Umklamo we-Centrifuge:

Ama-Centrifuge aqukethe i-rotor, ebamba amashubhu aqukethe isampula, kanye nenjini ejikeleza i-rotor ngesivinini esikhulu. I-rotor ejikelezayo ikhiqiza amandla e-centrifugal, isunduza izingxenye ezisindayo zesampula ziye ezindongeni zangaphandle zamashubhu.

2.2 – Amandla E-Centrifugal:

Amandla e-Centrifugal angamandla abonakalayo abonwa izinto ezihamba ngendilinga. Aqondiswa kude nesikhungo sokujikeleza futhi alingana nobunzima bento kanye nesikwele sejubane layo. Ku-centrifuge, la mandla aqhuba ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi.

Indima Yobuningi Ekuhlukaniseni Igazi

3.1 – Ubuningi Bezingxenye Zegazi:

Isici esiphawulekayo sokuhlukaniswa kwegazi ku-centrifuge ukuthi izingxenye azihlukani zibe yizingqimba ezihlukene. Esikhundleni salokho, zakha i-gradient ehlukaniswe ngokwezinga ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo. Amaseli abomvu egazi, njengoba esinda kakhulu, angaphansi, alandelwa amaseli amhlophe egazi nama-platelet. I-plasma ihlala phezulu njengoba iyiyona ingxenye exinene kakhulu.

3.2 – Ijazi Elithambile:

Ingqimba ephakathi, ephakathi kwamaseli abomvu egazi phansi kanye ne-plasma phezulu, yaziwa ngokuthi i-buffy coat. Yakhiwa ingxube yamaseli amhlophe egazi nama-platelet. Naphezu kobuningi bawo obuncane uma kuqhathaniswa namaseli abomvu egazi, awasabalali ngokulinganayo kulo lonke i-plasma ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwamandla ahlukahlukene.

Izici Zokugqamisa Igazi Ezithonya Ukuhlukaniswa Kwegazi

4.1 – Isivinini kanye Nesikhathi Soku-Centrifuge:

Ijubane lapho i-rotor ijikeleza khona kanye nobude be-centrifugation kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni izingxenye zegazi. Ijubane eliphezulu kanye nobude besikhathi eside kuvumela ukuhlukana okungcono, njengoba amandla e-centrifugal esetshenziswa isikhathi eside.

4.2 - Umklamo Weshubhu:

Ukwakheka kwamapayipi nakho kuthinta ukuhlukaniswa kwegazi. Amapayipi akhethekile ane-gradient mediums noma ama-gel inserts angasiza ekufinyeleleni ukuhlukaniswa okucacile, kuncishiswe ukwakheka kwe-buffy coat futhi kuvumele ukuhlukaniswa okucacile phakathi kwezingqimba ezahlukene.

Ukuqina kwe-Viscoelasticity kanye nezinye izici ezidlala indima

5.1 – Ukuqina Kwegazi:

Igazi libonisa izakhiwo ze-viscoelastic, okusho ukuthi linezici zoketshezi kanye ne-solid. Lesi sici sithonya ukufuduka kwezingxenye ngesikhathi se-centrifugation, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-buffy coat kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezendlalelo okungacacile.

5.2 – Ukunciphisa i-Centrifuge:

Indlela i-centrifuge ehla ngayo ijubane ngemva kwenqubo yokuphotha ingathinta nokuhlukaniswa kwegazi. Ukwehla okusheshayo kwejubane kungaphazamisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye, kuyilapho ukwehla kancane kunikeza ukuhlukana okuqinile.

Isiphetho:

Ekuphetheni, ukuhlukaniswa kwegazi ku-centrifuge kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi ethonywa ubuningi, usayizi, kanye nesimo se-viscoelastic sezingxenye zayo. Ukuhlukaniswa okuphawulekayo kuvumela ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo, okwenza kube lula ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga kanye nokwelashwa kwezokwelapha. Ukuqonda ubunzima obungemuva kwale nqubo kuthuthukisa ukwazisa kwethu izimiso zesayensi kanye nobunjiniyela obuqhuba i-centrifuge. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, ukusungula izinto ezintsha esikhathini esizayo ngokungangabazeki kuzoyithuthukisa le ndlela, kuqhubekele phambili imingcele yokuhlola kwesayensi futhi kuthuthukise imikhuba yezokwelapha.