Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale koke ai kahi centrifuge i nā mea paʻa mai nā wai?
Hoʻolauna i ka Centrifugation
He ʻano hana i hoʻohana nui ʻia ka centrifugation ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā kahua noiʻi no ka hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻana i nā mea paʻa mai nā wai. He hana ia e hoʻohana ana i nā kumumanaʻo o ka ikaika centrifugal e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou nui a i ʻole ka nui. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i nā mechanics ma hope o ke ʻano e hiki ai i kahi centrifuge ke hoʻokō i kēlā kaʻawale wikiwiki, a me ka ʻeli ʻana i kāna mau noi a me nā holomua.
Ke Kumu Hana o kahi Centrifuge
Aia kahi centrifuge i kahi rotor wili a me kahi mea paʻa laʻana, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ka paipu centrifuge. Ke wili ka rotor i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, hoʻopuka ia i kahi ikaika centrifugal e hana radial i waho. ʻO kēia ikaika ke kumu o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā mea ʻoi aku ka paʻa e neʻe aku mai ke kikowaena o ka wili a noho ma lalo o ka paipu, ʻoiai nā mea māmā e noho kokoke ana i luna.
ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka wili ʻana o ka rotor he mea koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka pono hoʻokaʻawale o kahi centrifuge. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wikiwiki o ka wili ʻana, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka ikaika centrifugal i hoʻopuka ʻia. No laila, ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā centrifuges e hana ma nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe loa, maʻamau mai kekahi mau tausani o nā hoʻololi i kēlā me kēia minuke (RPM) a i kekahi mau ʻumi tausani.
Sedimentation Centrifugal
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano hana nui e hoʻokaʻawale ai kahi centrifuge i nā mea paʻa mai nā wai i kapa ʻia ʻo centrifugal sedimentation. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia kaʻina hana ma nā ʻano mānoanoa like ʻole o nā ʻāpana i loaʻa i ka hāpana.
Ke waiho ʻia ka hāpana i loko o kahi paipu centrifuge a milo ʻia, ʻo nā mea paʻa ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa - e like me nā ʻāpana, nā cell, a i ʻole nā ʻōpala - e noho koke ma lalo o ka paipu ma muli o ka ikaika centrifugal ikaika. I kēia manawa, noho ka supernatant wai ma luna, e ʻae ana i ka decantation maʻalahi a i ʻole ka wehe ʻana.
Ka Centrifugation Gradient Density
ʻOiai ke hana maikaʻi nei ka centrifugal sedimentation no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana nui, pono paha i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a palupalu i kahi ala ʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia kahi e komo ai ka density gradient centrifugation.
ʻO ka centrifugation gradient density e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi medium gradient density i hoʻomākaukau kūikawā ʻia, i haku pinepine ʻia me ka sucrose a i ʻole iodixanol. Hoʻopili pono ʻia ka medium i loko o ka ʻōmole centrifuge, e hana ana i kahi gradient density e hoʻonui mālie ana mai luna a lalo.
Ke hoʻohui ʻia ka hāpana i loko o ka ʻōmole a milo ʻia, neʻe nā ʻāpana ma o ka gradient density a hiki i ko lākou hiki ʻana i ko lākou mau densities buoyant. ʻAe kēia ʻenehana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā mea nona nā densities like akā nā helu sedimentation ʻokoʻa.
Nā noi o ka Centrifugation
ʻO ka wikiwiki a me ka pono o ka centrifugation ua hāʻawi iā ia i nā noi koʻikoʻi ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole. I loko o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, he mau mea hana pono nā centrifuges no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka plasma a i ʻole ke serum mai nā hāpana koko, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka DNA, a i ʻole ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā moʻomeheu cell.
I loko o ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, kōkua ka centrifugation i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me ka insulin a i ʻole nā antibiotics, ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā haumia mai nā mea hana. Hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi ia i ka biotechnology no ka hana nui ʻana o nā lāʻau pale, nā protein recombinant, a me nā biofuels.
Eia kekahi, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka centrifugation i nā ʻepekema kaiapuni a me nā forensic. Kōkua ia i ka nānā ʻana i nā laʻana lepo, wai, a me ka ea ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a i ʻole nā mea haumia no ka noiʻi hou aku.
Nā Holomua i ka ʻenehana Centrifugation
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua holomua ka ʻenehana centrifugation. Ua lilo nā centrifuges wikiwiki i mea liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a ua lako me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu akamai i hiki ke lawelawe i nā nui laʻana nui me ka mālama ʻana i nā palena hoʻokaʻawale pololei.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā holomua i nā hoʻolālā rotor, e like me nā rotors kihi paʻa, nā rotors swinging-bākeke, a i ʻole nā rotors kū pololei, hāʻawi i ka hiki ke hoʻololi nui i nā ʻano laʻana like ʻole a me nā nui. Ua hoʻonui nui kēia mau hoʻomaikaʻi i ka versatility a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e hiki ai i kahi centrifuge ke hoʻokō.
I ka hopena, he ʻenehana waiwai nui ka centrifugation no ka hoʻokaʻawale wikiwiki ʻana i nā mea paʻa mai nā wai i nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā kahua noiʻi. Inā paha ma o ka centrifugal sedimentation a i ʻole ka density gradient centrifugation, hiki i kēia kaʻina hana ke hoʻokaʻawale pono a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka nānā hou ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana i makemake ʻia. Me nā holomua e hoʻomau nei, ke hoʻomau nei ka centrifugation i ka mea nui i nā hana ʻepekema a me nā ʻoihana hou.
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