I-centrifuge yahlula njani izinto eziqinileyo kwizinto ezimanzi ngokukhawuleza kangaka?
Intshayelelo kwiCentrifugation
I-Centrifugation yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo nakwiindawo zophando ukuze kwahlulwe izinto eziqinileyo kwizinto ezimanzi ngokufanelekileyo. Yinkqubo esebenzisa imigaqo yamandla e-centrifugal ukwahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo okanye ubungakanani bazo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola indlela esebenza ngayo i-centrifuge enokufikelela kulwahlulo olukhawulezileyo, kunye nokujonga ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokuqhubela phambili.
Umgaqo Osebenzayo weCentrifuge
I-centrifuge ine-rotor ejikelezayo kunye nesiphathi sesampulu, eyaziwa ngokuba yityhubhu ye-centrifuge. Xa i-rotor ijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu, ivelisa amandla e-centrifugal asebenza ngokugqithisileyo ngaphandle. La mandla abangela ukuba amasuntswana okanye izinto ezixineneyo zisuke embindini wokujikeleza zize zihlale ezantsi kwetyhubhu, ngelixa izinto ezikhaphukhaphu zihlala zikufutshane nephezulu.
Isantya esijikeleza ngaso i-rotor siyinto ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwe-centrifuge. Okukhona isantya sokujikeleza siphezulu, kokukhona amandla e-centrifugal enamandla ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, ii-centrifuge zenzelwe ukusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu, zihlala ziqala kwiinguqu ezimbalwa ngomzuzu (RPM) ukuya kumashumi amawaka aliqela.
Ukususwa kweNkunkuma yeCentrifugal
Enye yeendlela eziphambili apho i-centrifuge yahlula khona izinto eziqinileyo kwizinto ezimanzi ibizwa ngokuba yi-centrifugal sedimentation. Le nkqubo isekelwe kubuninzi obahlukeneyo bezinto ezikhoyo kwisampuli.
Xa isampuli ifakwa kwityhubhu ye-centrifuge kwaye ijikeleziswa, izinto eziqinileyo ezixineneyo - ezinje ngamasuntswana, iiseli, okanye inkunkuma - zihlala ngokukhawuleza ezantsi kwityhubhu ngenxa yamandla amakhulu e-centrifugal. Okwangoku, i-supernatant yolwelo ihlala phezulu, ivumela ukuba kube lula ukuyikhupha okanye ukuyisusa.
I-Centrifugation yeGradient yoxinano
Nangona i-centrifugal sedimentation isebenza kakuhle ekuhlukaniseni amasuntswana amakhulu, izinto ezincinci nezibuthathaka zinokufuna indlela eyahlukileyo. Kulapho ke i-density gradient centrifugation idlala khona indima.
I-centrifugation ye-density gradient centrifugation ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-density gradient medium elungiselelwe ngokukodwa, edla ngokwenziwa yi-sucrose okanye i-iodixanol. I-medium ifakwa ngononophelo kwityhubhu ye-centrifuge, yenze i-density gradient eyanda kancinci ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi.
Xa isampuli yongezwa kwityhubhu kwaye ijikeleziswa, izinto zihamba nge-density gradient zide zifikelele kwi-booyant densities zazo. Le ndlela ivumela ukwahlulahlula amasuntswana okanye izinto ezinobunzima obufanayo kodwa amazinga ahlukeneyo e-sedimentation.
Izicelo zeCentrifugation
Isantya nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-centrifugation kuye kwayinika ukusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Kwiilabhoratri zonyango, i-centrifuges zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokwahlula i-plasma okanye i-serum kwiisampuli zegazi, ukwahlula i-DNA, okanye ukulungiselela iinkcubeko zeeseli.
Kwishishini lezemithi, i-centrifugation inceda ekucoceni amayeza, anjenge-insulin okanye ii-antibiotics, ngokwahlula ukungcola kwizinto ezisebenzayo. Ikwasetyenziswa kwi-biotechnology ukuvelisa imigonyo emininzi, iiproteni eziphinda zihlanganiswe, kunye ne-biofuels.
Ngaphezu koko, i-centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisayensi yokusingqongileyo kunye neyophando. Inceda ekuhlalutyweni kweesampuli zomhlaba, amanzi, nomoya ngokwahlula amasuntswana axhonyiweyo okanye ungcoliseko ukuze kuphandwe ngakumbi.
Uphuhliso kwiTekhnoloji yeCentrifugation
Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, iteknoloji ye-centrifugation iye yaphucuka kakhulu. Ii-centrifuge ezinesantya esiphezulu ziye zaba ncinci ngakumbi, zisebenza kakuhle, kwaye zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zolawulo ezinobuchule ezikwaziyo ukuphatha iisampulu ezinkulu ngelixa zigcina iiparameter zokwahlula ezichanekileyo.
Ukongeza, uphuhliso kuyilo lweerotor, ezifana neerotor ezinee-angle ezizinzileyo, iirotor ze-swinging-bucket, okanye iirotor ezithe nkqo, zibonelela ngokuziqhelanisa okukhulu kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeesampuli kunye nomthamo. Olu phuculo luye lwaphucula kakhulu ukuguquguquka kunye nesantya sokwahlukana esinokufikelelwa yi-centrifuge.
Ukuqukumbela, i-centrifugation yindlela exabisekileyo yokwahlula ngokukhawuleza izinto eziqinileyo kwizinto ezimanzi kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo nakwiindawo zophando. Nokuba kukusetyenziswa kwe-centrifugal sedimentation okanye i-density gradient centrifugation, le nkqubo ivumela ukwahlukana okusebenzayo kwaye iququzelela uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo kunye nokucutshungulwa kwezinto ezifunekayo. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili, i-centrifugation iyaqhubeka nokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zesayensi nezoshishino zanamhlanje.
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