I-centrifuge ihlukanisa kanjani izinto eziqinile noketshezi ngokushesha kangaka

Isingeniso ku-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukene kanye nasezindaweni zocwaningo zokuhlukanisa izinto eziqinile koketshezi ngempumelelo. Kuyinqubo esebenzisa izimiso zamandla e-centrifugal ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ekubuneni noma usayizi wazo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola indlela i-centrifuge engafinyelela ngayo ukuhlukana okusheshayo okunjalo, kanye nokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nentuthuko yayo.

Isimiso Esisebenzayo Se-Centrifuge

I-centrifuge yakhiwe yi-rotor ejikelezayo kanye nesiphathi sesampula, esaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ithubhu le-centrifuge. Lapho i-rotor ijikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu, ikhiqiza amandla e-centrifugal asebenza ngokuzungeza ngaphandle. La mandla abangela ukuthi izinhlayiya noma izinto eziminyene zisuke enkabeni yokujikeleza futhi zihlale phansi kwethubhu, kuyilapho izinto ezilula zihlala ziseduze nengaphezulu.

Ijubane lapho i-rotor ijikeleza khona liyisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa kwe-centrifuge. Uma ijubane lokujikeleza liphezulu, kulapho amandla e-centrifugal esetshenziswa khona aqina khona. Ngakho-ke, ama-centrifuge aklanyelwe ukusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile asukela ekuguqukeni kwezinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngomzuzu (RPM) kuya emashumini ezinkulungwane eziningana.

Ukususwa Kwetshezi Kwe-Centrifugal

Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko lapho i-centrifuge ihlukanisa khona izinto eziqinile noketshezi ibizwa ngokuthi i-centrifugal sedimentation. Le nqubo isekelwe ekujuleni okuhlukahlukene kwezingxenye ezikhona kusampula.

Uma isampula ifakwa epayipini le-centrifuge futhi iphothwa, izinto eziqinile eziqinile - njengezinhlayiya, amaseli, noma udoti - zihlala ngokushesha phansi kwepayipi ngenxa yamandla aqinile e-centrifugal. Okwamanje, i-supernatant yoketshezi ihlala phezulu, okuvumela ukuthi kube lula ukuyikhipha noma ukuyisusa.

I-Centrifugation ye-Density Gradient

Nakuba i-centrifugal sedimentation isebenza kahle ekuhlukaniseni izinhlayiya ezinkulu, izingxenye ezincane nezithambile zingadinga indlela ehlukile. Yilapho i-density gradient centrifugation iqala khona ukusebenza.

I-centrifugation ye-density gradient centrifugation ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-density gradient medium elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile, evame ukwakhiwa yi-sucrose noma i-iodixanol. I-medium ifakwa ngokucophelela epayipini le-centrifuge, yakha i-density gradient ekhula kancane kancane kusukela phezulu kuya phansi.

Uma isampula ifakwa epayipini futhi iphothwa, izingxenye ziyahamba nge-density gradient zize zifinyelele ubuningi bazo obuthambile. Le ndlela ivumela ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya noma izinto ezinobukhulu obufanayo kodwa amazinga ahlukene okuthuthwa kwenhlabathi.

Izicelo ze-Centrifugation

Ijubane kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-centrifugation kuye kwayinika ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukene. Emalabhorethri ezokwelapha, ama-centrifuge angamathuluzi abalulekile okuhlukanisa i-plasma noma i-serum kumasampula egazi, ukuhlukanisa i-DNA, noma ukulungiselela amasiko amaseli.

Embonini yezemithi, i-centrifugation iyasiza ekuhlanzeni imithi, njenge-insulin noma ama-antibiotic, ngokuhlukanisa ukungcola nezinto ezisebenzayo. Iphinde isetshenziswe ku-biotechnology ekukhiqizeni okukhulu kwemithi yokugoma, amaprotheni aphinde ahlanganiswe, kanye ne-biofuels.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekile kwezesayensi yezemvelo kanye neyobunhloli. Isiza ekuhlaziyweni kwamasampula enhlabathi, amanzi, nomoya ngokuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezilengayo noma ukungcola ukuze kuphenywe kabanzi.

Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-Centrifugation

Eminyakeni edlule, ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa i-centrifuge buye bathuthuka ngokuphawulekayo. Ama-centrifuge ashesha kakhulu aseba mancane, asebenza kahle, futhi ahlonyiswe ngezinhlelo zokulawula eziyinkimbinkimbi ezikwazi ukuphatha amasampula amakhulu ngenkathi zigcina amapharamitha okuhlukanisa anembile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko ekwakhiweni kwe-rotor, njenge-rotor ene-angle engaguquki, i-swinging-bucket rotors, noma i-vertical rotors, inikeza ukuzivumelanisa okukhulu nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamasampula kanye nomthamo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuthuthukise kakhulu ukuguquguquka kanye nesivinini sokuhlukaniswa okungafinyelelwa yi-centrifuge.

Ekuphetheni, i-centrifugation iyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlukanisa ngokushesha izinto eziqinile koketshezi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene kanye nasezindaweni zocwaningo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokusebenzisa i-centrifugal sedimentation noma i-density gradient centrifugation, le nqubo ivumela ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo futhi yenza kube lula ukuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo kanye nokucutshungulwa kwezingxenye ezifunwayo. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, i-centrifugation iyaqhubeka nokuba yinto ebalulekile emikhubeni yesayensi neyezimboni yanamuhla.