izingxenye zamaseli zihlukana kanjani ngesikhathi se-centrifugation

Izingxenye Zeseli Zihlukana Kanjani Ngesikhathi Sokukhuliswa Kweseli

Isingeniso:

I-Centrifugation iyindlela enamandla esetshenziswa emalabhorethri ocwaningo nasezindaweni zezokwelapha ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zamaseli ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo. Le nqubo idlala indima ebalulekile ekutadisheni izakhiwo zamaseli, ukuhlukanisa ama-organelle athile, kanye nokuhlola imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yamaseli. Ukuqonda ukuthi izingxenye zamaseli zihlukana kanjani ngesikhathi se-centrifugation kubalulekile kubacwaningi ukuthola izingxenyana zamaseli ezihlanziwe futhi bathole ukuqonda ngezindima zazo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izimiso ezingemuva kwe-centrifugation kanye nezindlela izingxenye zamaseli ezihlukanisa ngazo phakathi nenqubo.

I. Izimiso Zoku-Centrifugation:

Ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa, kubalulekile ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zale ndlela. Ukuhlanganisa kuncike ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuhlanganisa, akhiqizwa yi-rotor ejikelezayo ngokushesha, ukuze kuhlukaniswe izinhlayiya ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bazo kanye nobuningi bazo. Ijubane kanye nobude bokuhlanganisa kunquma izinga lokuhlukaniswa okufinyelelwe.

II. I-Centrifugation Ehlukile:

I-differential centrifugation ingenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zeseli. Le ndlela ivame ukuhilela uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ze-centrifugation ngokwandisa isivinini kanye nobude besikhathi. Isinyathelo ngasinye se-centrifugation sisiza ukuhlukanisa nokucebisa izingxenye ezithile zeseli ngokusekelwe kumazinga azo okuthuthwa kwendle.

III. Izinga Lokuthuthwa Kwendle:

Izinga lokuthuthwa kwendle lenhlayiya yeselula libhekisela ekuthambekeleni kwayo kokuya phansi kwepayipi le-centrifuge ngaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi, noma ngokunembile, amandla e-centrifugal. Izinga lokuthuthwa kwendle lithonywa izici ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi usayizi, ukuma, ubuningi, kanye nokuthambekela kwento ephakathi. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kwendle, izinhlayiya ezinezinga eliphezulu lokuthuthwa kwendle zihlala ngokushesha, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa kwazo nezingxenye zokuthuthwa kwendle ezihamba kancane.

IV. Izingxenyana Zokuphonsa kanye Nezingaphezulu Kokujwayelekile:

Njengoba inqubo ye-centrifugation iqhubeka, izendlalelo noma izingxenyana ezihlukile ziqala ukwakheka epayipini. Ingxenyana engezansi kwepayipi, ehlala njenge-pellet, iqukethe izingxenye zeseli ezisindayo neziminyene kakhulu. Le ngxenyana ivame ukucebiswa ngama-nuclei, ama-mitochondria, namanye ama-organelle. Ingxenyana engenhla kwe-pellet, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-supernatant, iqukethe izingxenye ezilula njenge-cytoplasm, ama-ribosome, namaprotheni ancibilikayo.

V. I-Centrifugation ye-Density Gradient:

I-centrifugation ye-density gradient iyindlela ethuthukisiwe kakhulu esetshenziselwa ukuthola izingxenyana zamaseli ezihlanziwe kakhulu. Le ndlela incike ekwakhiweni kwe-gradient yokwanda kobuningi ngaphakathi kwe-centrifugation tube. Ngokubeka ngokucophelela amazinga ahlukene ezixazululo, njenge-sucrose noma i-cesium chloride, amaseli angahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ekubuthweni kwawo okumanzi.

VI. I-Isopycnic Centrifugation:

I-Isopycnic centrifugation, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-equilibrium centrifugation, ingenye indlela yokuhlukanisa i-density gradient. Kule ndlela, isampula ibekwa phezu kwe-density gradient, futhi i-centrifugation yenziwa kuze kube yilapho izinhlayiya zifika endaweni yazo ye-isopycnic. Kuleli qophelo, izinhlayiya ngayinye zihlala endaweni lapho i-density yayo ilingana neyomuntu ozungezile. I-Isopycnic centrifugation iwusizo kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni ama-nucleic acid, amaprotheni, kanye namagciwane.

Isiphetho:

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-centrifugation inikeza abacwaningi ithuluzi elinamandla lokufunda nokuhlukanisa izingxenye ezithile zamaseli. Ngokuqonda izimiso ezingemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli ngesikhathi se-centrifugation, ososayensi bangahlanza izingxenye zamaseli, bahlaziye imisebenzi yazo, futhi bachaze kabanzi izimfihlakalo ze-biology yamaseli. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basebenzisa izindlela ze-differential centrifugation noma ze-density gradient, i-centrifugation isalokhu iyindlela ebalulekile emkhakheni we-biology yamaseli kanye neye-molecular.