zomwe zimalekanitsidwa mu centrifuge

Kodi Centrifuge imalekanitsidwa ndi chiyani?

Chiyambi:

Ma centrifuge amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kafukufuku wa mankhwala, mankhwala, ndi zamoyo. Makina amphamvu awa amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifuge kulekanitsa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za chisakanizo kutengera kuchuluka kwawo. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza mozama momwe centrifuge imagwirira ntchito ndikupeza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingalekanitsidwe bwino pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi.

I. Kumvetsetsa Centrifugation:

A. Mfundo ya centrifugation

B. Zigawo zofunika kwambiri za centrifuge

C. Mitundu ya ma centrifuge

Kuzungulira ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kuzungulira kwamphamvu kwambiri kuti ipange mphamvu ya centrifugal, yomwe ndi yayikulu kangapo kuposa mphamvu yokoka. Mphamvu imeneyi imapangitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena zigawo zina zomwe zili mu chisakanizo kuti zikhazikike kapena kulekanitsidwa ndi zomwe sizili zolimba kwambiri. Njira yonseyi imachitika mkati mwa chipangizo chapadera chotchedwa centrifuge.

Zigawo zoyambira za centrifuge zikuphatikizapo rotor, yomwe imasunga zitsanzo, ndi mota yomwe imazungulira rotor pa liwiro lalikulu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya centrifuge imapezeka yokhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, mapangidwe a rotor, ndi liwiro lalikulu. Mitundu ina yodziwika bwino ndi ma microcentrifuge omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zitsanzo zazing'ono, ma ultracentrifuge omwe amatha kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso ma centrifuge a desiki othamanga kwambiri omwe amapezeka m'ma laboratories azachipatala.

II. Kulekanitsa Zigawo za Ma Cellular:

A. Maselo ofiira a magazi ndi madzi a m'magazi

B. Chovala cha Buffy: Gawo lapakati

C. Kugwiritsa ntchito posungira magazi

Chimodzi mwa ntchito zodziwika bwino za centrifugation ndikulekanitsa zigawo za maselo a magazi. Pamene chitsanzo cha magazi chikuperekedwa ku mphamvu ya centrifugal, zigawo zitatu zosiyana zimapangidwa. Maselo ofiira olemera kwambiri amakhazikika pansi, plasma yopepuka imayandama pamwamba, ndipo pakati pawo, gawo lopyapyala, loyera lapakati lotchedwa buffy coat limapangidwa.

Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabanki osungira magazi ndi m'ma laboratories azachipatala. Mwa kulekanitsa bwino zigawo zosiyanasiyana za maselo, ma centrifuge amathandiza kudzipatula ndi kuyesa plasma, maselo ofiira a magazi, ndi buffy coat. Izi zimathandiza kuzindikira matenda osiyanasiyana, monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, khansa ya m'magazi, ndi matenda.

III. Kulekanitsidwa ndi Density Gradient:

A. Chiyambi cha kufalikira kwa ma gradient centrifugation

B. Kulekanitsa DNA ndi RNA

C. Kugawa magawo a organelles

Mu density gradient centrifugation, density gradient medium imawonjezeredwa ku machubu a centrifuge. Medium iyi imapanga concentration gradient, kuyambira high density pansi mpaka low density pamwamba. Pamene centrifuge ikugwiritsidwa ntchito centrifuge pamaso pa density gradient, zigawo za mixture zimakhazikika pamalo osiyanasiyana kutengera kuchuluka kwawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulekanitsidwa bwino.

Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu sayansi ya zamoyo ndi sayansi ya zamoyo. Imalola kulekanitsa mamolekyu a DNA ndi RNA kutengera kukula ndi kuchulukana kwawo, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pophunzira zinthu za majini. Kuchuluka kwa ma centrifugation kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu kugawa maselo, njira yomwe imalekanitsa ma organelle osiyanasiyana, monga mitochondria, ndi ma homogenates a maselo.

IV. Kulekanitsa Tinthu Tamitundu Yosiyanasiyana:

A. Kuthamanga kwa sedimentation centrifugation

B. Kulekanitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono

C. Kugwiritsa ntchito mu kafukufuku wa nanoparticle

Kuthamanga kwa sedimentation velocity centrifugation kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene cholinga chake ndi kulekanitsa tinthu ta kukula kosiyanasiyana mkati mwa chisakanizo. Pamene centrifuge ikuzungulira mofulumira, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhazikika pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale magulu kapena magawo osiyana mkati mwa chitsanzocho.

Njira imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pakufufuza za tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komwe kulekanitsa molondola ndi kufotokoza bwino tinthu tating'onoting'ono n'kofunika kwambiri. Mwa kusintha liwiro ndi nthawi ya centrifugation, asayansi amatha kulekanitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kutengera kukula kwake, zomwe zimawathandiza kuphunzira makhalidwe awo, kukhazikika kwawo, ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'magawo monga mankhwala, sayansi ya zachilengedwe, ndi zamagetsi.

V. Kulekanitsa Mafunde:

A. Kuchotsa zinthu zosasungunuka

B. Udindo mu njira zoyeretsera

C. Ntchito zamafakitale

Kugawa madzi m'maselo kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito kulekanitsa ma precipitates ndi madzi osakaniza. Ma precipitates ndi tinthu tolimba tomwe pamapeto pake timakhazikika pansi pakachitika mankhwala enaake kapena pamene zinthu zina zimawonjezedwa mu yankho. Mwa kuyika chisakanizocho pa centrifugation, ma precipitates amatha kulekanitsidwa bwino ndi madzi ochulukirapo.

Mbali imeneyi ya centrifugation imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu njira zoyeretsera mkati mwa makampani opanga mankhwala, mankhwala, ndi chakudya. Imalola kuchotsa zinthu zolimba, zodetsa, ndi zodetsa zosafunikira kuchokera ku zakumwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zabwino komanso zoyera.

Mapeto:

Ma centrifuge amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulekanitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kutengera kuchuluka kwawo, kukula kwawo, kapena kusasungunuka kwawo. Kuyambira zigawo zamagazi mpaka tinthu tating'onoting'ono, njira zolekanitsira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndi kafukufuku wasayansi kuti apeze tizigawo toyeretsedwa kwambiri ndikusiyanitsa zigawo zinazake zomwe zimawakhudza. Kumvetsetsa mfundo ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka centrifuge ndikofunikira kwa asayansi, akatswiri, ndi anthu omwe amagwira ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana komwe kulekanitsa bwino ndikofunikira.