yini ehlukaniswe ku-centrifuge

Yini Ehlukaniswayo Ku-Centrifuge?

Isingeniso:

Ama-centrifuge asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ucwaningo lwezemithi, lwamakhemikhali, nolwezinto eziphilayo. Le mishini enamandla isebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zengxube ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokujulile ukusebenza kwe-centrifuge futhi sihlole izinto ezahlukahlukene ezingahlukaniswa ngempumelelo kusetshenziswa le ndlela.

I. Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation:

A. Umgomo we-centrifugation

B. Izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-centrifuge

C. Izinhlobo zama-centrifuge

I-Centrifugation iyindlela esebenzisa ukujikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu ukukhiqiza amandla e-centrifugal, amakhulu ngokuphindwe kaningi kunamandla adonsela phansi. La mandla abangela ukuthi izinhlayiya noma izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe zibe nzima noma zihlukane nalezo ezingaqinile kakhulu. Yonke inqubo yenzeka ngaphakathi kwedivayisi ekhethekile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-centrifuge.

Izingxenye eziyisisekelo ze-centrifuge zifaka i-rotor, ebamba amasampula, kanye nenjini ejikeleza i-rotor ngesivinini esiphezulu. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-centrifuge ziyatholakala ezinamakhono ahlukahlukene, imiklamo ye-rotor, kanye nesivinini esiphezulu. Ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zifaka phakathi ama-microcentrifuge asetshenziselwa amavolumu amancane esampula, ama-ultracentrifuge akwazi ukwenza isivinini esikhulu kanye namandla, kanye nama-high-speed desk centrifuge avame ukutholakala emalabhorethri ezokwelapha.

II. Ukuhlukanisa Izingxenye Zeselula:

A. Amaseli abomvu egazi kanye ne-plasma

B. Ijazi elithambile: Isendlalelo esiphakathi

C. Izicelo zokugcinwa kwegazi

Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-centrifugation ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zegazi zamaseli. Lapho isampula yegazi isetshenziswa ngamandla e-centrifugal, kwakheka izendlalelo ezintathu ezihlukile. Amaseli abomvu anzima ahlala phansi, i-plasma elula iyantanta phezulu, futhi phakathi kwawo, kwakheka ungqimba oluphakathi oluncane nolumhlophe olubizwa ngokuthi i-buffy coat.

Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ebhange legazi kanye nasezilabhorethri zemitholampilo. Ngokuhlukanisa ngempumelelo izingxenye ezahlukene zamaseli, ama-centrifuge avumela ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuhlolwa okulandelayo kwe-plasma, amaseli abomvu egazi, kanye ne-buffy coat. Lokhu kuvumela ukutholakala kwezifo ezahlukahlukene, njenge-anemia, i-leukemia, kanye nezifo.

III. Ukuhlukaniswa yi-Density Gradient:

A. Isingeniso ku-centrifugation ye-density gradient

B. Ukuhlukanisa i-DNA ne-RNA

C. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-organelle

Ekugxilweni kwe-density gradient, i-density gradient medium ifakwa kumashubhu e-centrifuge. Le medium yakha i-concentration gradient, kusukela ekuxineni okuphezulu phansi kuya ekuxineni okuphansi phezulu. Uma ingxube igxilwe lapho kukhona i-density gradient, izingxenye zengxube zihlala ezindaweni ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ekuxineni kwazo, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo.

Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-biology yama-molecule kanye ne-biochemistry. Ivumela ukuhlukaniswa kwama-molecule e-DNA kanye ne-RNA ngokusekelwe ngobukhulu nobuningi bawo, okubalulekile ekutadisheni izinto zofuzo. I-centrifugation ye-density gradient isetshenziswa nasekuhlukaniseni amaseli, inqubo ehlukanisa ama-organelle ahlukahlukene, njenge-mitochondria, kuma-homogenates amaseli.

IV. Ukuhlukanisa Izinhlayiya Zobukhulu Obuhlukene:

A. Isivinini sokuthuthwa kwendle

B. Ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezincane

C. Izicelo ocwaningweni lwe-nanoparticle

I-sedimentation velocity centrifugation isetshenziswa lapho umgomo uwukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezinobukhulu obuhlukene ngaphakathi kwengxube. Njengoba i-centrifuge ijikeleza ngokushesha, izinhlayiya ezincane zihlala kancane ngenxa yobunzima bazo obuphansi, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwama-band noma izingxenyana ezihlukile ngaphakathi kwesampula.

Le ndlela ibalulekile ocwaningweni lwe-nanoparticle, lapho ukuhlukaniswa okunembile kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-nanoparticles kubalulekile. Ngokushintsha ijubane kanye nobude be-centrifugation, ososayensi bangahlukanisa i-nanoparticles ngokusekelwe kusayizi wazo, okubenza bakwazi ukufunda izakhiwo zazo, ukuzinza, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo emikhakheni efana nezokwelapha, isayensi yezemvelo, kanye ne-elekthronikhi.

V. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezimvula:

A. Ukususa izinto ezingancibiliki

B. Indima ezinqubweni zokuhlanza

C. Izicelo zezimboni

I-Centrifugation isetshenziselwa futhi ukuhlukanisa ama-precipitate engxubeni yoketshezi. Ama-precipitate ayizinhlayiya eziqinile ezigcina zihleli phansi lapho kwenzeka ukusabela okuthile kwamakhemikhali noma lapho izinto ezithile zengezwa esixazululweni. Ngokufaka ingxube ku-centrifugation, ama-precipitate angahlukaniswa ngempumelelo noketshezi olungaphezulu.

Lesi sici se-centrifugation sisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinqubweni zokuhlanza ngaphakathi kwezimboni zamakhemikhali, zemithi, nezokudla. Sivumela ukususwa kwezinto eziqinile, ukungcola, kanye nokungcola okungafuneki koketshezi, okuholela ekhwalithini ephezulu yomkhiqizo kanye nobumsulwa.

Isiphetho:

Ama-Centrifuge adlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni izinto ezahlukahlukene ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo, usayizi, noma ukungancibiliki. Kusukela ezingxenyeni zegazi kuya kuma-nanoparticles, amasu okuhlanganisa asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukene kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi ukuthola izingxenyana ezihlanziwe kakhulu nokuhlukanisa izingxenye ezithile ezithakazelisayo. Ukuqonda izimiso kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-centrifuge kubalulekile kososayensi, ochwepheshe, kanye nabantu abasebenza emikhakheni eminingi lapho ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kubalulekile khona.