yintoni eyahlulwe kwi-centrifuge
Yintoni Eyahlulwe KwiCentrifuge?
Intshayelelo:
IiCentrifuge zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka uphando lwamayeza, lwamakhemikhali, nolwebhayoloji. Ezi matshini zinamandla zisebenzisa amandla ecentrifugal ukwahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo zomxube ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo. Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga nzulu indlela esebenza ngayo icentrifuge size sihlolisise izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokwahlulwa ngempumelelo kusetyenziswa le ndlela.
I. Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation:
A. Umgaqo we-centrifugation
B. Izinto eziphambili ze-centrifuge
C. Iintlobo zee-centrifuges
I-Centrifugation yindlela esebenzisa ukujikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu ukuvelisa amandla e-centrifugal, amakhulu ngokuphindwe kangamawaka kunamandla omxhuzulane. La mandla abangela ukuba amasuntswana axineneyo okanye izinto ezikumxube zihlale okanye zahlulwe kwezo zingaxineneyo. Yonke le nkqubo yenzeka kwisixhobo esikhethekileyo esaziwa ngokuba yi-centrifuge.
Izinto ezisisiseko ze-centrifuge ziquka i-rotor, ebamba iisampuli, kunye ne-motor ejikeleza i-rotor ngesantya esiphezulu. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-centrifuge ziyafumaneka ngezakhono ezahlukeneyo, uyilo lwe-rotor, kunye nesantya esiphezulu. Ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ii-microcentrifuge ezisetyenziselwa ii-sample volumes ezincinci, ii-ultracentrifuge ezikwaziyo ukwenza isantya esiphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu, kunye nee-desk centrifuge ezikhawulezayo ezifumaneka kwiilabhoratri zonyango.
II. Ukwahlula iinxalenye zeSeli:
A. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neplasma
B. Ingubo ethambileyo: Umaleko ophakathi
C. Izicelo kwiibhanki zegazi
Enye yezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zokusebenzisa i-centrifugation kukwahlulahlula iiseli zegazi. Xa isampuli yegazi iphantsi kwamandla e-centrifugal, kwakheka iileya ezintathu ezahlukeneyo. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinzima zihlala ezantsi, i-plasma ekhaphukhaphu iyadada phezulu, kwaye phakathi kwazo, kwakheka umaleko ophakathi obhityileyo, omhlophe obizwa ngokuba yi-buffy coat.
Le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokugcina igazi nakwiilebhu zeklinikhi. Ngokwahlulahlula ngempumelelo izinto ezahlukeneyo zeeseli, ii-centrifuges zivumela ukwahlulwa kunye nokuvavanywa okulandelayo kwe-plasma, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kunye ne-buffy coat. Oku kuvumela ukufunyanwa kwezifo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-anemia, i-leukemia, kunye nosulelo.
III. Ukwahlulwa ngokwe-Density Gradient:
A. Intshayelelo kwi-density gradient centrifugation
B. Ukwahlula i-DNA kunye ne-RNA
C. Ukwahlulwahlulwa kwee-organelles
Kwi-centrifugation ye-density gradient, i-density gradient medium yongezwa kwiityhubhu ze-centrifuge. Le medium yenza i-concentration gradient, ukusuka kwi-density ephezulu ezantsi ukuya kwi-density ephantsi phezulu. Xa umxube ufakwa kwi-centrifuge phambi kwe-density gradient, izinto zomxube zihlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kuxinano lwazo, nto leyo evumela ukwahlukana okusebenzayo.
Le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-molecular biology nakwi-biochemistry. Ivumela ukwahlulwa kwee-DNA kunye nee-RNA molecules ngokusekelwe kubukhulu kunye noxinano lwazo, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekufundeni izinto ze-genetic. I-density gradient centrifugation ikwasetyenziswa kwi-cell fractionation, inkqubo eyahlula ii-organelles ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-mitochondria, kwi-cellular homogenates.
IV. Ukwahlula iinxalenye zobukhulu obahlukeneyo:
A. Isantya sokutyibiliza intlenga
B. Ukwahlula ii-nanoparticles
C. Izicelo kuphando lwe-nanoparticle
I-sedimentation velocity centrifugation isetyenziswa xa injongo ikukwahlulahlula amasuntswana anobukhulu obahlukeneyo ngaphakathi komxube. Njengoko i-centrifuge ijikeleza ngokukhawuleza, amasuntswana amancinci ahlala kancinci ngenxa yobunzima bawo obuphantsi, nto leyo ebangela ukwakheka kwama-band okanye amaqhezu ahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwesampuli.
Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu kuphando lwe-nanoparticle, apho ukwahlulwahlulwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuchazwa kwe-nanoparticles kubalulekile. Ngokutshintsha isantya kunye nobude be-centrifugation, izazinzulu zinokuhlulahlula i-nanoparticles ngokusekwe kubukhulu bazo, nto leyo ebavumela ukuba bafunde iimpawu zazo, uzinzo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kwiinkalo ezifana nezonyango, isayensi yokusingqongileyo, kunye ne-elektroniki.
V. Ukwahlulwa kweMingxunya:
A. Ukususa izinto ezinganyibilikiyo
B. Indima kwiinkqubo zokucoca
C. Izicelo zoshishino
I-Centrifugation ikwasetyenziselwa ukwahlula iiprecipitates kumxube wolwelo. Iiprecipitates ziinxalenye eziqinileyo ezithi ekugqibeleni zihlale ezantsi xa kwenzeka i-chemical reaction ethile okanye xa izinto ezithile zongezwa kwisisombululo. Ngokufaka umxube kwi-centrifugation, iiprecipitates zinokwahlulwa ngempumelelo kulwelo olungaphezulu.
Olu candelo lwe-centrifugation lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokucoca ngaphakathi kwimizi-mveliso yeekhemikhali, amayeza, kunye nokutya. Luvumela ukususwa kwezinto eziqinileyo ezingafunekiyo, ukungcola, kunye nokungcola kulwelo, nto leyo ekhokelela kumgangatho ophezulu wemveliso kunye nobunyulu.
Isiphelo:
IiCentrifuge zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwahlulweni kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo, ubungakanani, okanye ukunganyibiliki kwazo. Ukusuka kumacandelo egazi ukuya kwi-nanoparticles, iindlela ze-centrifugation zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo kunye nophando lwesayensi ukufumana amaqhezu acocekileyo kakhulu kunye nokwahlulahlula izinto ezithile ezinomdla. Ukuqonda imigaqo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-centrifugation kubalulekile kwizazinzulu, iingcali, kunye nabantu abasebenza kwiindawo ezininzi apho ukwahlula okusebenzayo kubalulekile.
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