he aha ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka centrifuge
He aha ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o kahi Centrifuge?
Hoʻolauna:
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā centrifuges ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole, me ka noiʻi lāʻau lapaʻau, kemika, a me ka biology. Hoʻohana kēia mau mīkini ikaika i ka ikaika centrifugal e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o kahi hui ʻana ma muli o ko lākou nui. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻeli hohonu mākou i ka hana o kahi centrifuge a e ʻimi i nā mea like ʻole e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano hana.
I. Ke Hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka Centrifugation:
A. Ke kumumanaʻo o ka centrifugation
B. Nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kahi centrifuge
C. Nā ʻano o nā centrifuges
ʻO ke centrifugation kahi ʻano hana e hoʻohana ana i ka wili wikiwiki e hoʻoulu ai i ka ikaika centrifugal, ʻo ia hoʻi he mau tausani manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ikaika o ke koʻikoʻi. Hoʻoulu kēia ikaika i nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā mea i loko o kahi hui e hoʻopaʻa a hoʻokaʻawale paha mai nā mea i emi iho ka paʻa. Hana ʻia ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa i loko o kahi mea hana kūikawā i ʻike ʻia he centrifuge.
ʻO nā ʻāpana kumu o kahi centrifuge e komo pū me kahi rotor, kahi e paʻa ai nā laʻana, a me kahi motika e hoʻohuli i ka rotor i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa nā ʻano centrifuges like ʻole me nā mana like ʻole, nā hoʻolālā rotor, a me nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano maʻamau e komo pū me nā microcentrifuges i hoʻohana ʻia no nā nui laʻana liʻiliʻi, nā ultracentrifuges hiki ke hana i nā wikiwiki a me nā mana kiʻekiʻe, a me nā centrifuges pākaukau wikiwiki i loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma nā keʻena hoʻokolohua lapaʻau.
II. Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana kelepona:
A. Nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula a me ka plasma
B. ʻAʻahu Buffy: ʻO ka papa waena
C. Nā noi ma ka waihona koko
ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻohana maʻamau o ka centrifugation ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana cellular o ke koko. Ke hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hāpana koko i ka ikaika centrifugal, ʻekolu mau papa like ʻole e hana ʻia. Noho nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula kaumaha ma lalo, lana ka plasma māmā ma luna, a ma waena o lākou, ua hana ʻia kahi papa waena lahilahi a keʻokeʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo ka buffy coat.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano hana i nā hale hana waihona koko a me nā keʻena hoʻokolohua lapaʻau. Ma ka hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻana i nā ʻāpana cellular like ʻole, hiki i nā centrifuges ke hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma hope o ka plasma, nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, a me ka ʻaʻahu buffy. ʻAe kēia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole, e like me ka anemia, leukemia, a me nā maʻi.
III. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka Density Gradient:
A. Hoʻolauna i ka centrifugation gradient density
B. Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka DNA a me ka RNA
C. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā organelles
I ka centrifugation density gradient, hoʻohui ʻia kahi medium density gradient i nā paipu centrifuge. Hoʻokumu kēia medium i kahi gradient concentration, mai ka density kiʻekiʻe ma lalo a i ka density haʻahaʻa ma luna. Ke centrifuged ʻia kahi hui ʻana i ke alo o kahi gradient density, noho nā ʻāpana o ka hui ʻana ma nā wahi like ʻole e pili ana i ko lākou mau density, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻana.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano hana i ka biology molecular a me ka biochemistry. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā molekala DNA a me RNA ma muli o ko lākou nui a me nā densities, he mea nui ia no ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea genetic. Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka centrifugation gradient density i ka cell fractionation, kahi hana e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā organelles like ʻole, e like me mitochondria, mai nā homogenates cellular.
IV. Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana o nā nui like ʻole:
A. Ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka lepo
B. Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā nanoparticles
C. Nā noi i ka noiʻi nanoparticle
Hoʻohana ʻia ka centrifugation wikiwiki o ka sedimentation ke hoʻokaʻawale ka pahuhopu i nā ʻāpana o nā nui like ʻole i loko o kahi hui ʻana. I ka milo wikiwiki ʻana o ka centrifuge, noho mālie nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma muli o ko lākou kaumaha haʻahaʻa, e hopena ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā hui a i ʻole nā hakina like ʻole i loko o ka hāpana.
He mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻano hana i ka noiʻi nanoparticle, kahi e pono ai ka hoʻokaʻawale pololei a me ke ʻano o nā nanoparticles. Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wikiwiki a me ka lōʻihi o ka centrifugation, hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā nanoparticles ma muli o ko lākou nui, e hiki ai iā lākou ke aʻo i ko lākou mau waiwai, kūpaʻa, a me nā noi ma nā kahua e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka ʻepekema kaiapuni, a me nā mea uila.
V. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ua:
A. Ke wehe ʻana i nā mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia
B. Kūlana i nā kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe
C. Nā noi ʻoihana
Hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ka centrifugation e hoʻokaʻawale i nā precipitates mai kahi hui wai. ʻO nā precipitates nā ʻāpana paʻa e noho hope ana ma lalo i ka wā e hana ʻia ai kahi hopena kemika a i ʻole i ka wā e hoʻohui ʻia ai kekahi mau mea i ka hopena. Ma ke kau ʻana i ka hui i ka centrifugation, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻia nā precipitates mai ka wai supernatant.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano o ka centrifugation i nā kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe i loko o nā ʻoihana kemika, lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā meaʻai. Hiki iā ia ke wehe i nā mea paʻa, nā mea haumia, a me nā mea haumia i makemake ʻole ʻia mai nā wai, e alakaʻi ana i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka maʻemaʻe.
Hopena:
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā Centrifuges i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou nui, ka nui, a i ʻole ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Mai nā ʻāpana koko a i nā nanoparticles, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻano hana centrifugation ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema e loaʻa ai nā ʻāpana i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana kikoʻī o ka hoihoi. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kumumanaʻo a me nā noi o ka centrifugation no nā kānaka ʻepekema, nā loea, a me nā poʻe e hana ana ma nā ʻano like ʻole kahi e pono ai ka hoʻokaʻawale pono.
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