Kodi mungathe kusiyanitsa h2o ndi d2o ndi centrifuge?

Chiyambi

Madzi, omwe ndi opangidwa ndi maatomu awiri a haidrojeni ndi atomu imodzi ya okosijeni (H2O), ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa moyo padziko lapansi. Komabe, monga zinthu zambiri, madzi amatha kukhala m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya isotopic. Mtundu umodzi wotere umadziwika kuti madzi olemera, kapena deuterium oxide (D2O), womwe uli ndi isotope ya haidrojeni yotchedwa deuterium. Ngakhale kuti H2O ndi D2O zonse zili ndi makhalidwe ofanana, pali zochitika zina zomwe zimakhala zofunikira kulekanitsa ma isotope awa. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza ngati n'zotheka kulekanitsa H2O ndi D2O pogwiritsa ntchito centrifuge, chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana a sayansi ndi mafakitale.

Ma Isotopes ndi Kufunika Kwawo M'madzi

Tisanakambirane nkhani yomwe ili m'nkhaniyi, choyamba tiyeni timvetse tanthauzo la ma isotope ndi kufunika kwawo ndi madzi. Ma isotope ndi ma atomu a chinthu chomwecho omwe ali ndi ma neutroni osiyanasiyana mu nyukiliyasi yawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwa ma atomu. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wofala kwambiri wa haidrojeni uli ndi protoni imodzi ndipo mulibe ma neutroni, pomwe deuterium imakhala ndi neutroni imodzi kuwonjezera pa protoni. Kusintha kwa ma isotope komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ma isotope osiyanasiyana kungakhudze momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe zimakhudzira thupi, kuphatikizapo madzi.

Katundu wa H2O ndi D2O

Pamwamba, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa madzi wamba (H2O) ndi madzi olemera (D2O). Onsewa ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana monga kuwira, kuchulukana, ndi kuzizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulekanitsa ziwirizi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe. Komabe, asayansi apanga njira zapadera zopezera ma isotope amadzi apadera kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Udindo wa centrifugation mu kulekanitsa kwa isotope

Kuzungulira ndi njira yomwe imatha kulekanitsa zinthu kutengera kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwawo. Zimaphatikizapo kuzunguliza chisakanizo pa liwiro lalikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tambirimbiri tisunthire kulowera kumphepete pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono topepuka timakhala pafupi ndi pakati. Mfundo imeneyi ndiyo maziko a kulekanitsa zinthu zambiri m'ma laboratories ndi m'mafakitale.

Kugawa kwapakati (centrifugation) polekanitsa ma isotope amadzi

Ngakhale kuti njira yolekanitsira madzi ndi njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, imakhala ndi zovuta pankhani yolekanitsa madzi a isotope. Mosiyana ndi mankhwala ena ambiri, kusiyana kwa kulemera pakati pa H2O ndi D2O n'kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza kulekanitsa koyenera pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zolekanitsira madzi. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa centrifugal kwatsegula mwayi wopeza kulekanitsa kwa isotopic.

Zatsopano zatsopano pakulekanitsa isotope ya madzi a centrifugal

Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wafufuza njira zatsopano zolekanitsira ma isotope amadzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba zoyeretsera madzi. Njira imodzi yotereyi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma ultracentrifuges, omwe amagwira ntchito pa liwiro lalikulu kwambiri lozungulira, ndikupanga mphamvu zazikulu zoyeretsera madzi. Mphamvu zimenezi zimatha kuyambitsa kusiyana pang'ono pa kuchuluka kwa madzi mu H2O ndi D2O, zomwe zingapangitse kuti pakhale kulekana.

Mapeto

Kulekanitsa H2O ndi D2O kukadali vuto lalikulu chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo ofanana. Ngakhale njira zamakono zoyezera centrifugation sizingakhale zokwanira kuti pakhale kulekanitsa kogwira mtima, kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa muukadaulo woyezera ultracentrifugation kumapereka mwayi wodalirika. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka ndi chitukuko m'munda uno zitha kubweretsa kupita patsogolo pakulekanitsa bwino ma isotope amadzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mphamvu ya nyukiliya, mankhwala, ndi kafukufuku wasayansi.