Ungakwazi yini ukuhlukanisa i-h2o ne-d2o nge-centrifuge

Isingeniso

Amanzi, inhlanganisela eyakhiwe ngama-athomu amabili e-hydrogen kanye ne-athomu elilodwa le-oxygen (H2O), iyisithako esiyisisekelo esibalulekile empilweni eMhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, njengezinye izinto eziningi, amanzi angaba khona ngezindlela ezahlukene ze-isotopic. Elinye lalawo mafomu laziwa ngokuthi amanzi asindayo, noma i-deuterium oxide (D2O), equkethe i-isotope ye-hydrogen ebizwa ngokuthi i-deuterium. Nakuba zombili i-H2O kanye ne-D2O zinezakhiwo ezifanayo, kunezimo lapho kuba nesidingo sokuhlukanisa lawa ma-isotope. Kulesi sihloko, sihlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuhlukanisa i-H2O ne-D2O sisebenzisa i-centrifuge, ithuluzi elivame ukusetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi kanye nemboni.

Ama-Isotopes kanye nokubaluleka kwawo emanzini

Ngaphambi kokufunda kabanzi ngesihloko esikhulunywa ngaso, ake siqale siqonde ukuthi ayini ama-isotope kanye nokubaluleka kwawo emanzini. Ama-Isotope angama-athomu e-element efanayo anezinombolo ezahlukene zama-neutron ku-nucleus yawo, okuholela ekuhlukeni kwesisindo se-athomu. Isibonelo, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-hydrogen lune-proton eyodwa futhi alunawo ama-neutron, kanti i-deuterium iqukethe i-neutron eyodwa ngaphezu kwe-proton. Ushintsho lwesisindo olubangelwa ukuba khona kwama-isotope ahlukene lungathinta izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zezinto, okuhlanganisa namanzi.

Izakhiwo ze-H2O kanye ne-D2O

Ngaphandle, akukho umehluko omkhulu obonakalayo phakathi kwamanzi ajwayelekile (H2O) namanzi asindayo (D2O). Womabili abonisa izakhiwo ezifanayo njengephuzu lokubila, ubuningi, kanye nephuzu lokuqandisa, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlukanisa lokhu okubili kusetshenziswa izindlela ezivamile. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bathuthukise amasu akhethekile okuhlukanisa ama-isotope amanzi athile ukuze kusetshenziswe ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Indima ye-centrifugation ekuhlukanisweni kwe-isotope

I-Centrifugation inqubo engahlukanisa izinto ngokusekelwe ekuhlukeni kwazo kobuningi. Kuhilela ukuphotha ingxube ngesivinini esikhulu, okubangela ukuthi izinhlayiya eziminyene kakhulu zihambe ziye emngceleni kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezilula zihlala ziseduze nesikhungo. Lesi simiso sakha isisekelo sokuhlukaniswa okuningi kwelabhorethri kanye nezimboni.

I-Centrifugation yokuhlukanisa ama-isotope amanzi

Nakuba i-centrifugation iyindlela yokuhlukanisa esetshenziswa kabanzi, inezinselele uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlukanisa ama-isotope amanzi. Ngokungafani nezinye izinto eziningi ezihlanganisiwe, umehluko wobunzima phakathi kwe-H2O ne-D2O mncane kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo ngokusebenzisa amasu avamile e-centrifugation. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-centrifugal ivule amathuba okufeza ukuhlukaniswa kwe-isotopic.

Intuthuko yakamuva ekuhlukanisweni kwe-isotope yamanzi e-centrifugal

Izifundo zamuva nje zihlole izindlela ezintsha zokuhlukanisa ama-isotope amanzi kusetshenziswa amasu athuthukile okuhlanganisa i-centrifugation. Enye indlela enjalo ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwama-ultracentrifuges, asebenza ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu sokujikeleza, ekhiqiza amandla amakhulu e-centrifugal. Lawa mandla angabangela umehluko omncane emazingeni okungcola kwe-H2O kanye ne-D2O, okungenzeka avumele ukuhlukaniswa.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-H2O kanye ne-D2O kuseyinselele enkulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezifanayo zomzimba. Nakuba amasu avamile okuhlanganisa i-centrifugation angase anganele ekuhlukaniseni okuphumelelayo, intuthuko yakamuva kubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa i-ultracentrifugation inikeza amathuba athembisayo. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nentuthuko kulo mkhakha kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni ekuhlukaniseni okuphumelelayo kwama-isotope amanzi, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwawo okukhethekile ezimbonini ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa amandla enuzi, imithi, kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi.