Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai mai ka wai ʻole me ka centrifuge
Hoʻolauna
ʻO ka wai, ka hui i haku ʻia me ʻelua mau ʻātoma hydrogen a me hoʻokahi ʻātoma oxygen (H2O), he mea nui ia no ke ola ma ka Honua. Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā mea he nui, hiki i ka wai ke noho ma nā ʻano isotopic like ʻole. ʻO kekahi ʻano i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka wai kaumaha, a i ʻole deuterium oxide (D2O), nona kahi isotope hydrogen i kapa ʻia ʻo deuterium. ʻOiai ʻo H2O a me D2O e kaʻana like i nā waiwai like, aia nā kūlana kahi e pono ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau isotopes. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou inā hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale iā H2O mai D2O me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi centrifuge, kahi mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma nā ʻano ʻepekema like ʻole a me ka ʻoihana.
ʻO nā Isotopes a me ko lākou koʻikoʻi i ka wai
Ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ke kumuhana e pili ana, e hoʻomaopopo mua kākou i ke ʻano o nā isotopes a me ko lākou pilina i ka wai. ʻO nā isotopes nā ʻātoma o ka mea like me nā helu neutron like ʻole i loko o ko lākou nucleus, e alakaʻi ana i nā ʻokoʻa o ka nuipa atomika. No ka laʻana, ʻo ke ʻano maʻamau o ka hydrogen he proton hoʻokahi a ʻaʻohe neutrons, ʻoiai ʻo deuterium he neutron hoʻokahi ma waho aʻe o ka proton. ʻO ka loli o ka nuipa i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke alo o nā isotopes like ʻole hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika o nā mea, me ka wai.
Nā ʻano o H2O a me D2O
Ma ka ʻili, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka wai maʻamau (H2O) a me ka wai kaumaha (D2O). Hōʻike nā mea ʻelua i nā ʻano like e like me ke kiko paila, ka nui, a me ke kiko hau, e paʻakikī ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea ʻelua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻomohala nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā ʻano hana kūikawā e hoʻokaʻawale i nā isotopes wai kikoʻī no nā noi like ʻole.
Ke kuleana o ka centrifugation i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka isotope
ʻO ke centrifugation kahi hana e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea ma muli o ko lākou ʻokoʻa density. Pili ia i ka milo ʻana i kahi hui ʻana i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻoneʻe ana i nā ʻāpana mānoanoa aʻe i ka periphery ʻoiai e noho kokoke ana nā ʻāpana māmā i ke kikowaena. ʻO kēia kumumanaʻo ke kumu no nā hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma ka hale hoʻokolohua a me nā ʻoihana.
Centrifugation no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā isotopes wai
ʻOiai ʻo ka centrifugation kahi ʻano hoʻokaʻawale i hoʻohana nui ʻia, hōʻike ia i nā pilikia i ka wā e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā isotopes wai. ʻAʻole e like me nā hui ʻē aʻe he nui, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o ka nuipa ma waena o H2O a me D2O he liʻiliʻi ia, e paʻakikī ai ka hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻana ma o nā ʻano hana centrifugation maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, ua wehe nā holomua i ka ʻenehana centrifugal i nā hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻokaʻawale isotopic.
Nā hoʻomohala hou loa i ka hoʻokaʻawale isotope wai centrifugal
Ua ʻimi nā haʻawina hou i nā ʻano hana hou e hoʻokaʻawale i nā isotopes wai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana centrifugation holomua. ʻO kekahi o ia ʻano hana e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ultracentrifuges, e hana ana i nā wikiwiki rotational kiʻekiʻe loa, e hoʻopuka ana i nā ikaika centrifugal nui loa. Hiki i kēia mau ikaika ke hoʻoulu i nā ʻokoʻa iki i nā helu sedimentation o H2O a me D2O, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana.
Hopena
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o H2O a me D2O he pilikia nui ia ma muli o ko lāua mau ʻano kino like. ʻOiai ʻaʻole lawa paha nā ʻano hana centrifugation maʻamau no ka hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻana, hāʻawi nā holomua hou i ka ʻenehana ultracentrifugation i nā hiki ke hoʻohiki. ʻO ka noiʻi hou aʻe a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma kēia kahua e alakaʻi i nā holomua i ka hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻana o nā isotopes wai, e hiki ai i kā lākou hoʻohana kikoʻī ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole, me ka mana nukelea, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema.
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