Ungayahlula i-h2o kwi-d2o nge-centrifuge
Intshayelelo
Amanzi, i-compound eyenziwe zii-athomu ezimbini ze-hydrogen kunye ne-athomu enye ye-oxygen (H2O), yinto ebalulekileyo ebomini eMhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, njengezinye izinto ezininzi, amanzi anokubakho kwiifom ezahlukeneyo ze-isotopic. Enye yeendlela ezinjalo yaziwa ngokuba yi-heavy water, okanye i-deuterium oxide (D2O), equlethe i-hydrogen isotope ebizwa ngokuba yi-deuterium. Nangona zombini i-H2O kunye ne-D2O zineempawu ezifanayo, kukho iimeko apho kufuneka khona ukwahlula ezi isotopes. Kweli nqaku, sihlola ukuba kunokwenzeka na ukwahlula i-H2O kwi-D2O sisebenzisa i-centrifuge, isixhobo esisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi kunye noshishino.
Ii-Isotopes kunye nokubaluleka kwazo emanzini
Ngaphambi kokuba singene kwisihloko esiza kuxoxwa ngaso, masiqale siqonde ukuba ziintoni ii-isotopes kunye nokubaluleka kwazo emanzini. Ii-Isotopes zii-athomu zento enye ezinamanani ahlukeneyo ee-neutron kwi-nucleus yazo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiinguqu kwi-atomic mass. Umzekelo, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-hydrogen lune-proton enye kwaye alunazo ii-neutron, ngelixa i-deuterium ine-neutron enye ukongeza kwi-proton. Utshintsho kwi-mass olubangelwa bubukho bee-isotopes ezahlukeneyo lunokuchaphazela iipropati zomzimba nezekhemikhali zezinto, kuquka amanzi.
Iimpawu ze-H2O kunye ne-D2O
Ngaphezulu, akukho mahluko ungako phakathi kwamanzi aqhelekileyo (H2O) namanzi anzima (D2O). Zombini zibonisa iimpawu ezifanayo njengeqondo lokubila, uxinano, kunye neqondo lokukhenkceza, okwenza kube nzima ukwahlula ezi zimbini kusetyenziswa iindlela zesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu ziye zaphuhlisa iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokwahlula ii-isotopes zamanzi ezithile kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.
Indima ye-centrifugation ekuhlukaniseni i-isotope
I-Centrifugation yinkqubo enokwahlula izinto ngokusekelwe kumahluko wazo wobuninzi. Ibandakanya ukujikelezisa umxube ngesantya esiphezulu, okubangela ukuba amasuntswana axineneyo aye ngasemngciphekweni ngelixa amasuntswana alula ehlala esondele embindini. Lo mgaqo usisiseko sokwahlulwahlulwa kweelebhu kunye nemizi-mveliso emininzi.
I-Centrifugation yokwahlula ii-isotopes zamanzi
Nangona i-centrifugation yindlela yokwahlula esetyenziswa kakhulu, inemingeni xa kufikwa ekuhlukaniseni ii-isotopes zamanzi. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto ezininzi, umahluko kubunzima phakathi kwe-H2O kunye ne-D2O mncinane, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukwahlula ngokufanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ze-centrifugation eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji ye-centrifugal kuvule amathuba okufikelela ekuhlukaniseni i-isotopic.
Uphuhliso lwamva nje ekuhlukaniseni i-isotope yamanzi e-centrifugal
Izifundo zakutshanje zihlolisise iindlela ezintsha zokwahlula ii-isotope zamanzi kusetyenziswa iindlela eziphambili zokufaka i-centrifugation. Enye indlela enjalo ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwee-ultracentrifuges, ezisebenza ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu sokujikeleza, zivelisa amandla amakhulu e-centrifugal. La mandla anokubangela umahluko omncinci kwizinga lokutyibilika kwe-H2O kunye ne-D2O, nto leyo enokubangela ukwahlukana.
Isiphelo
Ukwahlulwahlulwa kwe-H2O kunye ne-D2O kusengumngeni omkhulu ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezifanayo zomzimba. Nangona iindlela zesiqhelo zokucoca i-centrifugation zisenokunganeli ukwahlulahlula ngokufanelekileyo, ukuqhubela phambili kwakutshanje kwitekhnoloji yokucoca i-ultracentrifugation kunika amathuba athembisayo. Uphando olongezelelekileyo kunye nophuhliso kweli candelo lunokukhokelela kwimpumelelo ekuhlukaniseni ngokufanelekileyo ii-isotopes zamanzi, okuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokukodwa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya amandla enyukliya, amayeza, kunye nophando lwesayensi.
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