hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi hui like ʻole ma o ka centrifugation
Centrifugation: He hopena no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hui like ʻole
Hoʻolauna:
He manaʻo nui nā hui ʻana i ka kemika, ʻo ia ka hui pū ʻana o ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha mau mea. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou he homogeneous a heterogeneous paha ma muli o ko lākou ʻano kino. I loko o kahi hui homogeneous, ua hoʻolaha like ʻia nā ʻāpana a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, aia kahi hui heterogeneous i nā mea like ʻole i ʻike maka ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hui he hana koʻikoʻi ia i nā noi ʻepekema a me nā ʻoihana like ʻole. ʻO kahi ʻano maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no kēia kumu, ʻo ia ka centrifugation. Ke nānā nei kēia ʻatikala i ka pono o ka centrifugation i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hui homogeneous me ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i kona mau kumumanaʻo kumu.
He aha ka Centrifugation?
ʻO ke centrifugation kahi ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale e hoʻohana ana i ka wili wikiwiki e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hui ʻana ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa o ka nui a i ʻole ka nui o nā ʻāpana. Hilinaʻi ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ikaika centrifugal, ka mea e hoʻolalelale i ka sedimentation a hoʻokaʻawale paha i nā ʻāpana i loko o kahi hui. I ka milo wikiwiki ʻana o ka hui ʻana, ua hoʻokele ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻoi aku ka paʻa i lalo ʻoiai e hōʻiliʻili ana nā mea liʻiliʻi ma luna. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa, hiki i ka centrifugation ke hoʻokaʻawale pono i nā hui paʻakikī.
Ke Kumumanaʻo o ka Centrifugation:
ʻO ka ikaika centrifugal, he ikaika pseudo, i hoʻoulu ʻia ma muli o ka wili ʻana o kahi hāpana i loko o kahi centrifuge. Hana kēia ikaika i waho mai ke kikowaena o ka wili ʻana a kūlike ia me ka nui o nā ʻāpana i loko o ka hui ʻana. Wahi a ke kānāwai mua o Newton, ʻo kahi mea e hoʻomaha ana e noho mālie, a ʻo kahi mea e neʻe ana e noho mau i ka neʻe, ke ʻole e hana ʻia e kahi ikaika o waho. I ka centrifugation, ʻo kēia ikaika o waho ka ikaika centrifugal, e hana ana ma ke ʻano radial i waho, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka sedimentation a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻāpana ma muli o ko lākou mau densities.
Kumuhana 1: Centrifugation o nā Homogeneous Mixtures
Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui ʻaʻole kūpono ka centrifugation i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hui like ma muli o ko lākou mau mānoanoa like. Eia nō naʻe, ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia. ʻO nā hui like pinepine he mau ʻāpana a i ʻole nā mole me nā nui a i ʻole nā ʻano like ʻole, e alakaʻi ana i nā ʻokoʻa o nā helu sedimentation. Ma ke koho ʻana i nā palena centrifugation kūpono e like me ka wikiwiki a me ka manawa, hiki ke ʻike i ka hoʻokaʻawale koʻikoʻi.
Kumuhana 2: Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā Colloids me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Centrifugation
ʻO nā hoʻokuʻu colloidal he mau hiʻohiʻona o nā hui like ʻole e hoʻokūkū ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. Loaʻa pinepine i nā colloids nā ʻāpana microscopic i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o kahi wai wai, e hopena ana i kahi ʻano heterogeneous. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻano kānana kuʻuna ke hoʻokaʻawale pono i kēia mau hui ʻana, ua hōʻoia ka centrifugation he pono. Ma ka milo ʻana i ke colloid i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke koi ʻia nā ʻāpana denser e sediment, a i ka hopena e alakaʻi ai i kahi kaʻawale maopopo o ke colloid.
Kumuhana 3: Ke Keʻena Centrifugation Gradient Density no nā Hui Homogeneous
ʻO ka centrifugation gradient density kahi ʻenehana kūikawā i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hui me nā densities like. Ma kēia ʻano hana, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi medium gradient density e like me ka sucrose a i ʻole cesium chloride solution, kahi e hana ai i kahi gradient density ma ka lōʻihi o ka paipu centrifuge a i ʻole rotor. A laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hui ma luna o ka gradient, a hana ʻia ka centrifugation. I ka neʻe ʻana o ka hui ma o ka gradient density, noho nā ʻāpana me nā densities like ʻole ma ko lākou mau kūlana, e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana.
Kumuhana liʻiliʻi 4: Centrifugation ma ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau
Hoʻohana nui ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau i ka centrifugation ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale. Pono ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hui like i loaʻa pinepine ʻia i ka noiʻi lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me nā hopena protein, no nā kumu hoʻomaʻemaʻe. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka Centrifugation i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā protein a me nā biomolecules ma muli o ko lākou kaumaha molekala a i ʻole ka nui. Hōʻoia kēia ʻenehana i ka hana ʻana o nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe ma ka wehe ʻana i nā haumia a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hui i manaʻo ʻia.
Kumuhana 5: Nā Palena o ka Centrifugation
ʻOiai he ʻano hana hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi ka centrifugation, he mau palena kona i ka wā e hana ai me kekahi mau hui like. No ka laʻana, i nā hui kahi i like loa ai ka nui o nā ʻāpana a kokoke like paha nā densities, ʻaʻole paha e hāʻawi ka centrifugation i nā hopena kūpono. I ia mau hihia, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā ʻano hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe, e like me ka chromatography a i ʻole ka filtration, e hoʻokō i ka hopena i makemake ʻia.
Hopena:
He ʻano hana ikaika ka centrifugation no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hui ʻana, me nā ʻōnaehana homogeneous. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa o ka nui o ka density a i ʻole ka nui o ka ʻāpana, hiki i ka centrifugation ke hoʻokaʻawale pono i nā hui paʻakikī e paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana maʻamau. ʻOiai ʻaʻole paha ia ke koho kūpono no kēlā me kēia hui homogeneous, ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā loina a me nā palena o ka centrifugation e hiki ai i nā ʻepekema a me nā mea noiʻi ke hana i nā hoʻoholo naʻauao e pili ana i nā ʻano hana hoʻokaʻawale kūpono loa no kā lākou mau noi kikoʻī.
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