Ngaba umxube ofanayo ungahlulwa nge-centrifugation
I-Centrifugation: Isisombululo Sokwahlukanisa Imixube Efanayo
Intshayelelo:
Imixube yingcamango esisiseko kwikhemistri, eyenza indibaniselwano yezinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Zingahlulwa zibe zifanayo okanye zingafaniyo ngokusekelwe kwinkangeleko yazo. Kumxube ofanayo, izinto zisasazwa ngokulinganayo kwaye azinakwahlulwa ngokubonakalayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, umxube ongafaniyo uqulathe izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibonakalayo. Ukwahlula imixube yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi kunye nezoshishino. Enye indlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo kule njongo yi-centrifugation. Eli nqaku liphonononga ukusebenza kwe-centrifugation ekwahlukaniseni imixube efanayo ngelixa licacisa imigaqo yayo esisiseko.
Yintoni iCentrifugation?
I-Centrifugation yindlela yokwahlula esebenzisa ukujikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu ukwahlula imixube ngokusekelwe kumahluko kubuninzi okanye kubungakanani besuntswana. Ixhomekeke ekusebenziseni amandla e-centrifugal, akhawulezisa ukutsalwa kwenkunkuma okanye ahlukanise izinto ngaphakathi komxube. Njengoko umxube ujikeleza ngokukhawuleza, izinto ezixineneyo ziqhutywa ziye ezantsi ngelixa izinto ezingaxineneyo ziqokelelana phezulu. Ngokusebenzisa la mahluko, i-centrifugation inokwahlula ngokufanelekileyo imixube enzima.
Umgaqo weCentrifugation:
Amandla e-Centrifugal, amandla angeyonyani, aveliswa kukujikeleza kwesampuli ngaphakathi kwi-centrifuge. La mandla asebenza ngaphandle esuka embindini wokujikeleza kwaye alingana nobunzima bee-particles ezikumxube. Ngokomthetho wokuqala kaNewton, into ephumlileyo ihlala iphumle, kwaye into ehambayo ihlala ishukuma, ngaphandle kokuba ishukunyiswa ngamandla angaphandle. Kwi-centrifugation, la mandla angaphandle ngamandla e-centrifugal, asebenza ngaphandle nge-radially, nto leyo ebangela ukubola okanye ukwahlukana kwezixhobo ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo.
Isihloko esingaphantsi 1: Ukufakwa kweMixube eQokelelweyo
Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba i-centrifugation ayisebenzi ekwahlukaniseni imixube efanayo ngenxa yobunzima bayo obufanayo. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, olu hluko luyenzeka. Imixube efanayo idla ngokuba namasuntswana okanye iimolekyuli ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo okanye iimilo, nto leyo ekhokelela kutshintsho kumazinga okutsalwa kwetyuwa. Ngokukhetha iiparameter ezifanelekileyo ze-centrifugation ezifana nesantya kunye nexesha, kunokwenzeka ukubona ulwahlulo olubalulekileyo.
Isihloko esingaphantsi kwesi-2: Ukwahlula iiColloids kusetyenziswa iCentrifugation
IiColloidal suspensions ziyimizekelo yemixube efanayo ebangela umngeni wokwahlukana. IiColloids zihlala ziqulathe amasuntswana amancinci axhonywe ngaphakathi kwindawo yolwelo, nto leyo ebangela ukubonakala okungafaniyo. Nangona iindlela zokucoca zemveli zisenokungazahluli ngokwaneleyo ezi mixube, i-centrifugation iyasebenza. Ngokujikelezisa i-colloid ngesantya esiphezulu, amasuntswana axineneyo anokunyanzelwa ukuba aphume kwi-sediment, ekugqibeleni oku kukhokelela ekwahlulweni okucacileyo kwe-colloid.
Isihloko esingaphantsi kwesi-3: I-Density Gradient Centrifugation yeMixube eQokelelweyo
I-centrifugation ye-density gradient yindlela ekhethekileyo esetyenziswa ukwahlula imixube enobunzima obufanayo. Kule ndlela, kulungiswa i-density gradient medium efana nesisombululo se-sucrose okanye i-cesium chloride, edala i-density gradient kubude betyhubhu ye-centrifuge okanye i-rotor. Emva koko umxube ubekwa kwi-gradient, kwaye i-centrifugation yenziwa. Njengoko umxube uhamba kwi-density gradient, izinto ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo zihlala kwiindawo zazo, ziququzelela ukwahlukana.
Isihloko esingaphantsi kwesi-4: Ukucoca i-Centrifugation kwiShishini leMithi
Ishishini lamayeza lisebenzisa kakhulu i-centrifugation njengendlela yokwahlulahlula. Imixube efanayo edla ngokufunyanwa kuphando lwamayeza, njengezisombululo zeproteni, ifuna ukwahlulwahlulwa ngeenjongo zokucoca. I-centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlukaniseni iiproteni kunye nee-biomolecules ngokusekelwe kubunzima bazo beemolekyuli okanye ubuninzi bazo. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuveliswa kweemveliso zamayeza ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngokususa ukungcola kunye nokwahlulahlula iikhompawundi ekujoliswe kuzo.
Isihloko esingaphantsi kwesi-5: Imida ye-Centrifugation
Nangona i-centrifugation iyindlela yokwahlulahlula eguquguqukayo, inemida yayo xa isebenza neminye imixube efanayo. Umzekelo, kwimixube apho ubukhulu beesuntswana bufana kakhulu okanye ubuninzi bufana kakhulu, i-centrifugation isenokungazisi iziphumo ezanelisayo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iindlela zokwahlulahlula ezizezinye, ezifana ne-chromatography okanye i-filtration, kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo esifunekayo.
Isiphelo:
I-Centrifugation yindlela enamandla yokwahlula imixube, kuquka neenkqubo ezifanayo. Ngokusebenzisa umahluko kubuninzi okanye ubungakanani bamasuntswana, i-centrifugation inokwahlula ngokufanelekileyo imixube enzima ebinokuba nzima ukuyihlukanisa kusetyenziswa iindlela eziqhelekileyo. Nangona isenokungabi lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kuyo yonke imixube efanayo, ukuqonda imigaqo kunye nemida ye-centrifugation kuvumela izazinzulu kunye nabaphandi ukuba benze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokwahlula kwizicelo zabo ezithile.
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