ingabe ingxube efanayo ingahlukaniswa nge-centrifugation

I-Centrifugation: Isixazululo Sokuhlukanisa Izingxube Ezifanayo

Isingeniso:

Izingxube ziwumqondo oyisisekelo kumakhemikhali, okwakha inhlanganisela yezinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Zingahlukaniswa njengezifanayo noma ezingafani ngokusekelwe ekubukekeni kwazo ngokomzimba. Engxubeni efanayo, izingxenye zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo futhi azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngokubonakalayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ingxube engafani iqukethe izinto ezihlukile ngokubonakalayo. Ukuhlukanisa izingxube kuyinqubo ebalulekile ezisetshenziswayo zesayensi nezimboni ezahlukahlukene. Enye indlela evamile esetshenziswa kule njongo i-centrifugation. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukusebenza kahle kwe-centrifugation ekuhlukaniseni izingxube ezifanayo ngenkathi sibonisa izimiso zayo eziyisisekelo.

Kuyini i-Centrifugation?

I-Centrifugation iyindlela yokuhlukanisa esebenzisa ukujikeleza okusheshayo ukuze ihlukanise izingxube ngokusekelwe ekwehlukeni kobukhulu noma usayizi wezinhlayiya. Incike ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla e-centrifugal, okusheshisa ukuthuthwa kwenhlabathi noma ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ngaphakathi kwengxube. Njengoba ingxube ijikeleza ngokushesha, izingxenye ezixineneyo ziqhutshwa ziye phansi kuyilapho izinto ezingaxinene kakhulu ziqoqana phezulu. Ngokusebenzisa lo mehluko, i-centrifugation ingahlukanisa ngempumelelo izingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Isimiso se-Centrifugation:

Amandla e-Centrifugal, amandla angamanga, akhiqizwa ngenxa yokujikeleza kwesampula ngaphakathi kwe-centrifuge. La mandla asebenza ngaphandle esuka enkabeni yokujikeleza futhi alingana nobunzima bezinhlayiya ezixubene. Ngokomthetho wokuqala kaNewton, into ephumulile ivame ukuhlala iphumule, kanti into ehambayo ivame ukuhlala ishukuma, ngaphandle kokuthi ishukunyiswa amandla angaphandle. Ekushukumiseni, la mandla angaphandle angamandla e-centrifugal, asebenza ngaphandle ngokukhanya, okubangela ukuchitheka noma ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ngokusekelwe ekumisweni kwazo.

Isihloko Esingaphansi 1: Ukufakwa Kwezingxube Ezifanayo Emkhathini

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-centrifugation ayisebenzi ekuhlukaniseni izingxube ezifanayo ngenxa yobuningi bazo obufanayo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuba yinto engenzeka. Izingxube ezifanayo zivame ukuba nezinhlayiya noma ama-molecule anobukhulu noma izimo ezahlukene, okuholela ekushintsheni kwamazinga okusatshalaliswa. Ngokukhetha amapharamitha afanele e-centrifugation njengesivinini nesikhathi, kungenzeka ukubona ukuhlukaniswa okubalulekile.

Isihloko Esingaphansi 2: Ukuhlukanisa Ama-Colloid Kusetshenziswa I-Centrifugation

Ukumiswa kwe-Colloidal kuyizibonelo zezingxube ezifanayo ezibeka inselele yokuhlukaniswa. Ama-Colloid ngokuvamile aqukethe izinhlayiya ezincane ezilengiswe ngaphakathi kwendawo yoketshezi, okuholela ekubukekeni okungafani. Ngenkathi izindlela zokuhlunga zendabuko zingase zingazihlukanisi ngokwanele lezi zingxube, i-centrifugation ibonakala isebenza kahle. Ngokujikelezisa i-colloid ngesivinini esikhulu, izinhlayiya ezixineneyo zingaphoqeleka ukuba zichitheke, ekugcineni ziholele ekuhlukanisweni okucacile kwe-colloid.

Isihloko Esingaphansi 3: I-Density Gradient Centrifugation Yezingxube Ezifanayo

I-centrifugation ye-density gradient iyindlela ekhethekile esetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa izingxube ezinobukhulu obufanayo. Kule ndlela, kulungiswa i-density gradient medium efana nesisombululo se-sucrose noma se-cesium chloride, edala i-density gradient ngobude be-centrifuge tube noma i-rotor. Ingxube ibe isifakwa ku-gradient, bese kwenziwa i-centrifugation. Njengoba ingxube ihamba ku-density gradient, izingxenye ezinobukhulu obuhlukene zihlala ezindaweni zazo, okwenza kube lula ukuhlukana.

Isihloko Esingaphansi 4: Ukufakwa Kwe-Centrifugation Embonini Yezemithi

Imboni yezemithi isebenzisa kakhulu i-centrifugation njengendlela yokuhlukanisa. Izingxube ezifanayo ezivame ukuhlangana ocwaningweni lwezemithi, njengezixazululo zamaprotheni, zidinga ukuhlukaniswa ngezinjongo zokuhlanza. I-centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni amaprotheni nama-biomolecule ngokusekelwe esisindweni sawo sama-molecule noma ubuningi bawo. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezemithi esezingeni eliphezulu ngokususa ukungcola nokuhlukanisa ama-compounds aqondiwe.

Isihloko Esingaphansi 5: Ukulinganiselwa Kokuguquguqula I-Centrifugation

Nakuba i-centrifugation iyindlela yokuhlukanisa ehlukahlukene, inemikhawulo yayo lapho isebenza ngezingxube ezithile ezifanayo. Isibonelo, ezingxubeni lapho ubukhulu bezinhlayiya bufana kakhulu noma ubuningi bucishe bufane, i-centrifugation ingase ingalethi imiphumela eyanelisayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izindlela zokuhlukanisa ezihlukile, njenge-chromatography noma ukuhlunga, kufanele zicatshangelwe ukuze kufezwe umphumela ofiselekayo.

Isiphetho:

I-Centrifugation iyindlela enamandla yokuhlukanisa izingxube, okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo ezifanayo. Ngokusebenzisa umehluko wobuningi noma usayizi wezinhlayiya, i-centrifugation ingahlukanisa ngempumelelo izingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi ebezingaba nzima ukuzihlukanisa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezivamile. Nakuba kungase kungabi njalo ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kuyo yonke ingxube efanayo, ukuqonda izimiso kanye nemikhawulo ye-centrifugation kuvumela ososayensi nabacwaningi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana namasu okuhlukanisa afaneleka kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zabo ezithile.