yini ehlukanisayo ku-centrifuge

Yini Ehlukanisayo Ku-Centrifuge?

Isingeniso

I-Centrifugation inqubo evamile yelabhorethri ehilela ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zengxube ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo. Le nqubo isebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukudala insimu enamandla yamandla adonsela phansi, okubangela ukuthi izinhlayiya ezisindayo ziye phansi kuyilapho ezikhanyayo zihlala phezulu. I-centrifuge, umshini owenzelwe ngqo le njongo, udlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni izinto emikhakheni ehlukahlukene okuhlanganisa ucwaningo lwezokwelapha, lwebhayoloji, nolwezimboni. Kulesi sihloko, sizongena ngokujulile emqondweni we-centrifugation, ukusetshenziswa kwayo, kanye nezindlela ezivumela ukuthi ihlukanise izingxenye ezahlukene ngempumelelo.

I. Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation iyindlela esebenzisa isimiso se-sedimentation, lapho izinhlayiya noma izinto ezinobukhulu obuhlukene zihlukaniswa khona ngokuphendula kwazo emandleni e-centrifugal. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, isampula ifakwa ku-rotor, ejikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu. Amandla e-centrifugal akhiqizwa yi-rotor abangela i-sedimentation yezinhlayiya ezixineneyo, ezihlukanisa ngempumelelo nezinye izingxenye zengxube.

II. Izinhlobo ze-Centrifuge

1. Ama-Ultracentrifuge

Ama-Ultracentrifuge angama-centrifuge ashesha kakhulu angafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-150,000 ngomzuzu (rpm). Asebenzisa ama-rotor anezindawo ezikhethekile ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ngokusekelwe ngobukhulu nobukhulu bazo. Ama-Ultracentrifuge athola ukusetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njenge-molecular biology, i-biochemistry, kanye ne-virology.

2. Ama-Microcentrifuge

Ama-Microcentrifuge ayizinhlobo ezincane zama-centrifuge ezenzelwe ukuthuthwa okusheshayo kwamavolumu amancane. Asetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-molecular biology kanye nama-biochemistry laboratory emisebenzini efana nokuhlanzwa kwe-DNA kanye namaprotheni, ukuqoqwa kwama-cell pellet, kanye nokujikeleza okusheshayo kwamashubhu e-centrifugation.

III. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Centrifugation

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezingxenye Zegazi

Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-centrifugation ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi. Emalabhorethri ezokwelapha, ama-centrifuge asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa i-plasma, amaseli abomvu egazi, namaseli amhlophe egazi kumasampula egazi aphelele. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubalulekile ekuhlolweni kokuxilonga, ukuthayipha igazi, kanye nokulungiselela imikhiqizo ethile yegazi, njenge-platelet concentrates.

2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-DNA ne-RNA

I-Centrifugation izibonakalisa iyithuluzi elibalulekile ocwaningweni lwebhayoloji yama-molecule njengoba ivumela ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kwe-DNA ne-RNA kumasampula ahlukahlukene. Ngokusebenzisa i-centrifugation lawa masampula ngesivinini esithile kanye nobude besikhathi, izinto zofuzo zingahlukaniswa kwezinye izingxenye zamaseli, okuvumela ososayensi ukuthi batadishe futhi bahlaziye ukulandelana kwe-DNA noma ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo.

3. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezakhi Zamaseli

Ku-biology yamaseli kanye ne-biotechnology, i-centrifugation isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa nokugxila izingxenye zamaseli noma amaseli aphelele kusuka ezindabeni zokukhula. Le nqubo isiza ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene njengokuqoqwa kwamaseli, ukuhlanzwa kwamaprotheni, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwama-organelle amaseli ukuze kuhlaziywe kabanzi.

IV. Indlela Yokujika I-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation isebenza ngesimiso samandla e-centrifugal asunduza izinhlayiya ezixineneyo ziye emaphethelweni angaphandle e-rotor, okubangela ukuchitheka. Izingxenye ezibalulekile ezihilelekile enkambisweni yokuhlukanisa yilezi:

1. Amapayipi e-Rotor kanye ne-Centrifuge

I-rotor ijikeleza i-axis, ikhiqiza amandla e-centrifugal. Ibamba amashubhu e-centrifuge, aqukethe ingxube okufanele ihlukaniswe. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-rotor namashubhu zenzelwe ukwamukela amavolumu athile esampula, osayizi, kanye namandla e-centrifugal adingekayo.

2. Isivinini kanye nobude besikhathi

Ijubane kanye nobude besikhathi sokusebenza kwe-centrifugation kuncike ohlotsheni lwesampula kanye nokuhlukaniswa okufiswayo. Izinto ezahlukene, njengezingqamuzana noma ama-microorganisms, zingadinga isivinini kanye nobude obuhlukahlukene ukuze kufezwe ukuhlukaniswa okufanele.

Isiphetho

Ngamafuphi, i-centrifuge iyindlela ebalulekile esetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zengxube ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo. Ama-centrifuge, kungaba ama-ultracentrifuge noma ama-microcentrifuge, ayizinto ezibalulekile emalabhorethri emikhakheni eminingi, okuvumela ososayensi ukuthi bafinyelele ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kwezicelo ezahlukahlukene. Kusukela ekuhlukaniseni izingxenye zegazi kuya ekutadisheni i-DNA ne-RNA kuya ekucubunguleni amasiko amaseli, i-centrifuge idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kocwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokuxilonga. Ngokuqonda izindlela ezingemuva kwe-centrifuge kanye nezinhlelo zayo eziguquguqukayo, ososayensi bayaqhubeka nokuvula amathuba amasha okuthola izinto ezintsha kanye nokuthuthuka emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.