yintoni eyahlula kwi-centrifuge
Yintoni Eyahlulayo kwiCentrifuge?
Intshayelelo
I-Centrifugation yinkqubo eqhelekileyo yelabhoratri equka ukwahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo zomxube ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo. Le nkqubo isebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukudala intsimi enamandla yomxhuzulane, ebangela ukuba amasuntswana anzima aye ezantsi ngelixa lawo alula ehlala phezulu. I-centrifuge, umatshini owenzelwe ngokukodwa le njongo, udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwahlukaniseni izinto kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kuquka uphando lwezonyango, lwebhayoloji, nolwemizi-mveliso. Kweli nqaku, siza kungena nzulu kwingcamango ye-centrifugation, ukusetyenziswa kwayo, kunye neendlela ezivumela ukuba yahlule izinto ezahlukeneyo ngokufanelekileyo.
I. Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation
I-Centrifugation yindlela esebenzisa umgaqo we-sedimentation, apho amasuntswana okanye izinto ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo zahlulwe yimpendulo yazo kumandla e-centrifugal. Ukuze kufezekiswe oku, isampuli ifakwa kwi-rotor, ejikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu. Amandla e-centrifugal aveliswa yi-rotor abangela i-sedimentation yamasuntswana axineneyo, nto leyo eyahlula ngempumelelo kumxube oseleyo.
II. Iintlobo zeeCentrifuges
1. Ii-Ultracentrifuges
Ii-Ultracentrifuge zii-centrifuge ezinesantya esiphezulu ezinokufikelela kwisantya esifikelela kwi-150,000 revolutions ngomzuzu (rpm). Zisebenzisa ii-rotors ezineendawo ezikhethekileyo ukwahlula amasuntswana ngokusekwe kubukhulu kunye noxinano lwazo. Ii-Ultracentrifuge zifumana ukusetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-molecular biology, i-biochemistry, kunye ne-virology.
2. Ii-Microcentrifuges
Ii-Microcentrifuges ziinguqulelo ezincinci zee-centrifuges ezenzelwe ukutsalwa ngokukhawuleza kweemithamo emincinci. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-molecular biology nakwi-biochemistry laboratory kwimisebenzi efana nokucocwa kwe-DNA kunye neproteni, ukuqokelelwa kwee-cell pellet, kunye nokujikeleza okukhawulezayo kweetyhubhu ze-centrifugation.
III. Ukusetyenziswa kweCentrifugation
1. Ukwahlulwa kweMicandelo yeGazi
Enye yezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zokusebenzisa i-centrifugation kukwahlulahlula iinxalenye zegazi. Kwiilabhoratri zonyango, ii-centrifuge zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula i-plasma, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kwiisampuli zegazi elipheleleyo. Olu kwahlulahlula lubalulekile kwiimvavanyo zokuxilonga, uhlobo lwegazi, kunye nokulungiselela iimveliso ezithile zegazi, ezifana neeplatelet concentrates.
2. Ukwahlulwa kwe-DNA kunye ne-RNA
I-Centrifugation ingqineka isisixhobo esibalulekileyo kuphando lwebhayoloji yeemolekyuli njengoko ivumela ukwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-DNA kunye ne-RNA kwiisampuli ezahlukeneyo. Ngokusebenzisa i-centrifugation kwezi sampuli ngesantya esithile kunye nobude obuthile, izinto zemfuza zinokwahlulwa kwezinye izinto zeseli, okuvumela izazinzulu ukuba zifunde kwaye zihlalutye ulandelelwano lwe-DNA okanye ukubonakaliswa kwemfuza.
3. Ukwahlulwa kweenkcubeko zeeseli
Kwibhayoloji yeeseli kunye ne-biotechnology, i-centrifugation isetyenziselwa ukwahlula nokugxininisa izinto zeseli okanye iiseli ezipheleleyo kwimidiya yokukhula. Le nkqubo inceda kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa ezifana nokuqokelelwa kweeseli, ukucocwa kweeproteni, kunye nokwahlulwa kwee-organelles zeeseli ukuze kuhlalutywe ngakumbi.
IV. Indlela yokuHlaziya iCentrifugation
I-Centrifugation isebenza ngokomgaqo wamandla e-centrifugal atyhala amasuntswana axineneyo ukuya kwimiphetho engaphandle ye-rotor, nto leyo ebangela ukubola. Izinto ezibalulekileyo ezibandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokwahlula zezi:
1. Iityhubhu zeRotor kunye neCentrifuge
Irotha ijikeleza i-axis, ivelisa amandla e-centrifugal. Ibamba iityhubhu ze-centrifuge, eziqulathe umxube oza kwahlulwa. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeerotha kunye neetyhubhu zenzelwe ukwamkela ubungakanani obuthile besampulu, ubungakanani, kunye namandla e-centrifugal afunekayo.
2. Isantya kunye nobude bexesha
Isantya kunye nobude be-centrifugation buxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesampulu kunye nokwahlukana okufunekayo. Izinto ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neeseli okanye ii-microorganisms, zinokufuna isantya kunye nobude obuhlukeneyo ukuze kufezekiswe ukwahlukana okufanelekileyo.
Isiphelo
Ngamafutshane, i-centrifuge yindlela ebalulekileyo esetyenziselwa ukwahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo zomxube ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo. Ii-centrifuge, nokuba zii-ultracentrifuge okanye ii-microcentrifuge, zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo kwiilabhoratri kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, zivumela izazinzulu ukuba zifumane ukwahlula okusebenzayo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Ukusuka ekuhlukaniseni izinto zegazi ukuya ekufundeni i-DNA kunye ne-RNA ukuya ekucubunguleni iinkcubeko zeeseli, i-centrifuge idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni uphando lwesayensi kunye nokuxilongwa. Ngokuqonda iindlela ezisemva kwe-centrifuge kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo okuguquguqukayo, izazinzulu ziyaqhubeka nokuvula amathuba amatsha okufumana izinto ezintsha kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
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