Yini i-centrifuge evumela i-scintist ukuthi ihlukanise

Yini Eyenza I-Centrifuge Ikwazi Ukuhlukanisa Usosayensi?

Isingeniso:

I-centrifuge iyithuluzi elibalulekile emphakathini wesayensi, evumela abacwaningi ukuthi bahlukanise izinto ezahlukahlukene ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo nobukhulu bazo. Leli thuluzi elinamandla lisebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukuze lifinyelele ekuhlukaniseni, okwenza ososayensi bakwazi ukutadisha nokuphenya izingxenye ezahlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwesampula. Kusukela ekuhlukanisweni kwamangqamuzana egazi kuya ekukhishweni kwe-DNA, i-centrifuge idlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi yesayensi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola amakhono e-centrifuge nokuthi inika kanjani ososayensi amandla okuhlukanisa izinto ngempumelelo.

I. Isimiso Sokugqamisa:

I-Centrifugation iyindlela esebenzisa isimiso sokuthuthwa kwendle ukuze ihlukanise izinto ngaphakathi kwengxube ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo. Lapho isampula ijikeleziswa ngesivinini esikhulu ku-centrifuge, izinhlayiya zithola amandla e-centrifugal, okubangela ukuba zisuke phakathi nendawo. Izinhlayiya zibe sezihlala zibe izingqimba ezihlukile, okuvumela ukuhlukana kalula.

II. Ukuhlukanisa Izingxenye Zegazi:

Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-centrifuge ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi. Ngokusebenzisa ithubhu ekhethekile yokuqoqa igazi ene-anticoagulant, isampula yegazi ingafakwa ku-centrifuge. Ngenxa yobuningi obuhlukahlukene bezingxenye zayo, igazi lizohlukana libe yizingqimba ezintathu ezihlukene - i-plasma phezulu, ungqimba oluncane lwamaseli amhlophe egazi nama-platelet, kanye nongqimba lwamaseli abomvu egazi phansi. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bangathola izingxenye ezithile zokuhlolwa kokuxilonga noma izinqubo zezokwelapha, njengokuhlukanisa i-plasma ukuze kuhlaziywe ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali noma ukuthola i-plasma ecebile ngama-platelet ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa okuvuselelayo.

III. Ukukhishwa kwe-DNA:

I-centrifuge idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhishweni kwe-DNA, inqubo ebalulekile ku-biology yamangqamuzana kanye nocwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo. Ngokusebenzisa i-centrifugation, ososayensi bangahlukanisa i-DNA kwezinye izingxenye zamaseli, njengeprotheni nama-lipid. Ezinyathelweni zokuqala zokukhishwa kwe-DNA, amasampula ebhayoloji (isib., amaseli noma izicubu) aphathwa ngama-reagent ahlukahlukene ukuze aphule ulwelwesi lweseli futhi akhulule i-DNA. Ingxube ibe isifakwa i-centrifuge, okwenza ukuthi izinsalela zamaseli ezisindayo namaprotheni ahlukane futhi akhe i-pellet phansi kuyilapho i-DNA ihlala ku-supernatant. Ngokususa ngokucophelela i-supernatant, ososayensi bangahlukanisa i-DNA ukuze ihlaziywe kabanzi, njengokulandelana noma ukuhlanganisa.

IV. Ukuhlukanisa Izingxenye Ezingaphansi Kwamaseli:

Ngosizo lwe-centrifuge ethuthukisiwe, ososayensi bangahlukanisa ngempumelelo izingxenye ezingaphansi kweseli ukuze batadishe imisebenzi yazo nezici zazo. Isibonelo, i-mitochondria, ama-organelle akhiqiza amandla ngaphakathi kwamaseli, angahlukaniswa kusetshenziswa i-centrifugation ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bawo kanye nobuningi bawo. Ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ze-centrifugation ngesivinini esihlukahlukene, abacwaningi bangathola izingxenyana ze-mitochondria ezihlanziwe ukuze bahlaziye ngokujulile futhi bafunde izindima zabo ekusetshenzisweni kwamaseli nasekuthuthukisweni kwezifo. Amasu afanayo angasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa ezinye izingxenye ezingaphansi kweseli, njenge-nuclei noma ulwelwesi lwamaseli, okuvumela uphenyo oluphelele ngesakhiwo nemisebenzi yazo.

V. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-Lipoprotein:

Ama-lipoprotein ayizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezakhiwe ngama-lipid namaprotheni. Adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthweni kwamafutha, i-cholesterol, namanye ama-lipid egazini. I-Centrifugation isetshenziswa kakhulu emalabhorethri emitholampilo ukuhlukanisa ama-lipoprotein ngezinjongo zokuxilonga. Ngokuphendula isampula yegazi ngesivinini esikhulu, ama-lipoprotein asatshalaliswa abe yizingxenyana ezihlukene zobuningi, ezingabe sezihlaziywa ukuze kutholakale amaphrofayili e-lipid. Lawa maphrofayili anikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile empilweni yomuntu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, njengoba amazinga e-lipoprotein angajwayelekile evame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimo ezifana ne-hyperlipidemia kanye ne-atherosclerosis.

Isiphetho:

I-centrifuge iyithuluzi lesayensi elisebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi elivumela abacwaningi ukuthi bahlukanise izinto, izingxenye, kanye nezinhlayiya ngokunemba nangokusebenza kahle. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zegazi, ukukhipha i-DNA, noma ukufunda ama-organelle angaphansi kweseli, i-centrifuge idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi lwesayensi nokuqonda. Ngokusebenzisa izimiso ze-centrifugation, ososayensi bangahlola ubunzima bezinhlelo ezahlukene futhi baveze izimfihlakalo ezifihliwe ngaphakathi kwamasampula angenakubalwa.