chii chinomhanya che centrifuge chekuparadzanisa ribosomes dzemahara

Kukurumidza kweCentrifuge Kuparadzanisa MaRibosome Emahara: Nzira Inokosha Yekutsvagisa kweMolecular Biology

Nhanganyaya:

Ma ribosome emahara anoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemapuroteni, uye kuaparadzanisa kubva kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemasero ibasa guru mukutsvagisa kwebiology yemamorekuru. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora kukosha kwekumhanya kwe centrifuge mukuparadzanisa ma ribosome emahara uye chinosimbisa maitiro akasiyana-siyana uye kufunga nezvemaitiro aya.

I. Kunzwisisa MaRibosome Akasununguka:

Kuti tinzwisise kukosha kwekumhanya kwe centrifuge mukuparadzanisa ma free ribosomes, zvakakosha kunzwisisa hunhu uye mashandiro ezvikamu izvi zvemasero. Ma free ribosomes madiki, ane granular structures anowanikwa achiyangarara zvakasununguka mu cytoplasm, anokonzera kugadzirwa kwemapuroteni mukati mesero. Haana membrane-bound structure, inoasiyanisa nema ribosomes akabatana ne endoplasmic reticulum. Kuparadzaniswa kwema free ribosomes kunoita kuti tinzwisise zvakadzama mabasa adzo akakosha mukugadzirwa kwema cellular protein.

II. Nheyo dzeCentrifugation:

Kuparadzanisa zvinhu zvemasero (centrifugation) inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kupatsanura zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemasero zvichibva pahukuru hwazvo, kuwanda kwazvo, uye huremu hwemamorekuru. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa simba recentrifugal, rinogadzirwa nemasamples ekutenderera nekumhanya kwakanyanya, kupatsanura marara emasero, maorganelles, uye macromolecules. Kuti ribosomes dzemahara dzikwanise kupatsanurwa, zvakakosha kuti riwedzere kumhanya kwenguva uye nguva ye centrifuge, sezvo zvinhu izvi zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya mashandiro ekupatsanurana.

III. Kugadzirisa Kumhanya kweCentrifuge:

A. Kuongorora Mafambiro Ekumhanya:

Kuona kumhanya kwakakodzera kwe centrifuge pakuparadzanisa ma free ribosomes kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakati wandei, kusanganisira mhando yemuenzaniso uye mwero wekuchena unodiwa. Kazhinji, vaongorori vanoshanda mukati memhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekumhanya, vachitanga kubva pakumhanya kwakaderera kusvika pakubvisa tsvina yakakura yemasero uye kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Kumhanya kwakakodzera kunowanzova pakati pe10,000 kusvika 100,000 xg, nekusiyana kunoenderana nehunhu hwemuenzaniso chaiwo.

B. Hunhu hwemuenzaniso:

Masero nematishu akasiyana ane mwero wakasiyana wekuwanda kwema ribosome. Semuenzaniso, matishu ane mwero wepamusoro wekugaya, akadai semasero emhasuru kana echiropa, anowanzova nema ribosome akawanda. Kumhanya kwe centrifuge kunofanirwa kugadziriswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa kuti uwane kushanda kwakakodzera kwekuparadzanisa.

IV. Maitiro eCentrifugation eKubvisa Ribosome Yemahara:

A. Kugadzirira Muenzaniso:

Kuti ribosomes dzemahara dzibudiswe zvakanaka, kugadzirira sampuro kwakakodzera kwakakosha. Nzira dzekuongorora masero, dzakadai se sonication kana kukuvara kwemasero uchishandisa sipo, dzinofanira kushandiswa kupwanya masero nekuburitsa zviri mukati mawo. Mushure mezvo, sampuro dzakanyatsogadzirwa dzinoitwa matanho e centrifugation kuti dzibvise marara, zvichiita kuti ribosomes dzionekwe dzakachena.

B. Kusiyanisa kweCentrifugation:

Kusiyanisa centrifugation, nzira inowanzoshandiswa, inosanganisira kutenderera kwakati wandei pakuwedzera kumhanya kwecentrifuge. Nzira iyi inobvumira vaongorori kuparadzanisa ribosomes kubva kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemasero zvinobudirira. Kutenderera kwekutanga kunomhanya zvishoma kunobvisa marara emasero, kunoteverwa nekumhanya kwepakati kunoparadzanisa organelles nemapuroteni makuru emasero. Pakupedzisira, kutenderera kwakasimba kunoshandiswa kuwana chikamu chinodiwa chakapfuma mu free ribosomes.

C. Kudzora Kupenya Kwemavara:

Kubatanidza ma "gradient centrifugation" kunoshandisa "density gradient media", senge sucrose kana cesium chloride, kuparadzanisa ribosomes zvichienderana nekuwanda kwadzo. Nekuisa sampuro pa "density gradient" uye "centrifuging" nekumhanya kwakadzorwa, ribosomes dzinogona kupatsanurwa nekusimba kwakawedzerwa. Iyi nzira inopa kuchena kwakawedzerwa uye inobvumira kupatsanurwa kwemapoka akasiyana e "ribosome" zvichienderana ne "sedimentation rate" yawo.

V. Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kugadziriswa Kwekumhanya KweCentrifuge:

A. Muenzaniso weVhoriyamu:

Huwandu hwesampuro hunokanganisa zvakanyanya kugadziriswa kwekumhanya kwe centrifuge. Huwandu hukuru hwesampuro hungada nguva yakareba ye centrifuge kana kumhanya kwakakwirira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuparadzaniswa kwakakwana. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti kumhanya kwakanyanya kana nguva refu ye centrifuge inogona kutungamira mukukuvadzwa kwe ribosome uye kukanganisa kuyedza kunotevera.

B. Rudzi rweRotor:

Marotor akasiyana e centrifuge ane miganhu yekumhanya yakasiyana uye kugona kukuru kwe rotor kunokurudzirwa. Kusarudza rotor yakakodzera kwakakosha kudzivirira kukuvara kwemidziyo uye kuchengetedza kupatsanurwa kwakarurama. Zvakakosha kutarisa bhuku remushandisi we centrifuge uye mazano emugadziri pakusarudza rudzi rwe rotor zvichienderana nekumhanya kwaunoda uye huwandu hwemuenzaniso.

Mhedziso:

Kugadzirisa kumhanya kwe centrifuge kwakakosha pakupatsanurwa kwe free ribosomes, zvichigonesa kudzidza basa rawo mukugadzirwa kwemapuroteni emasero. Nekutevera maitiro chaiwo uye kufunga nezvehunhu hwemuenzaniso, vaongorori vanogona kusiyanisa ma free ribosomes zvinobudirira, vachipa ruzivo rwakakosha mumabasa avo uye kudyidzana kwavo mukati menzvimbo yemasero.