zomwe ma organelle awiri sangathe kulekanitsidwa mosavuta ndi centrifugation

Kulekana kwa Subcellular: Kuthana ndi Vuto Lolekanitsa Nuclei ndi Mitochondria

Chiyambi:

Kugawanitsa maselo ndi njira yamphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu sayansi ya maselo ndi mamolekyulu kuti ilekanitse ndikulekanitsa ma organelle osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku chisakanizo chosiyana. Njirayi imachokera pa mfundo ya differential sedimentation, komwe ma organelle olemera amakhala pansi pa chubu pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal. Komabe, pali zosiyana zingapo pa lamuloli, ndipo ma organelle awiri omwe salekanitsidwa mosavuta ndi centrifugation ndi nuclei ndi mitochondria. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza zovuta zomwe zimakhudzidwa pakugawanitsa ma organelle awiri ofunikira awa, kufunika kwa kuyeretsa kwawo pamodzi mu zoyeserera zina, ndi njira zina zothetsera vutoli.

1. Kuvuta kwa Nuclei ndi Mitochondria:

Nuclei, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa malo olamulira a selo, imayang'anira kusunga zinthu za majini ndikuwongolera kagwiridwe ka majini. Koma mitochondria ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri omwe amapanga mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Chifukwa cha ntchito zawo zosiyana komanso mawonekedwe awo apadera, kulekanitsa ma organelle awiriwa kungakhale kovuta kwambiri.

2. Kufunika kwa Kuyeretsa Kogwirizana:

Ngakhale kungakhale koyenera kuyeretsa ziwalo za thupi pa mayeso enaake, pali nthawi zina pomwe kuyeretsedwa kwa ma nuclei ndi mitochondria ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pophunzira malamulo okhudza momwe majini amagwirira ntchito poyankha kusintha kwa kagayidwe ka mitochondrial, kumakhala kofunikira kuwunika momwe kusokonekera kwa mitochondrial kumakhudzira momwe majini a nyukiliya amagwirira ntchito. Pazochitika zotere, kulekanitsa ma nuclei ndi mitochondria kungayambitse kusanthula kosakwanira komanso kutanthauzira kolakwika.

3. Zolepheretsa za Kutsegula kwa Magazi Okhazikika:

Njira zachikhalidwe zogwiritsira ntchito centrifugation zimagwiritsa ntchito differential centrifugation, zomwe zimaphatikizapo masitepe angapo ogwiritsira ntchito centrifugation pa liwiro losiyanasiyana kuti alekanitse organelles ndi kukula ndi kuchulukana. Mwatsoka, ma nuclei ndi mitochondria ali ndi kuchulukana kofanana komanso zinthu zofanana zogwiritsira ntchito sedimentation, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzilekanitsa pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi yokha. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'ma organelles onse awiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti aziyenda mofanana komanso kuti aziyenda pamodzi panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito centrifugation.

4. Njira Zina Zodzipatula:

Pofuna kuthana ndi zofooka za centrifugation, ofufuza apanga njira zina zolekanitsira ma nuclei ndi mitochondria. Njira imodzi yotereyi ndi density gradient centrifugation, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito density gradient medium kuti ipange continuous gradient. Mwa kuyika homogenate mosamala pamwamba pa gradient ndikuyiyika centrifuging, ma organelle amatha kugawidwa kutengera momwe amayendera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulekanitsa ma nuclei ndi mitochondria kukhale kogwira mtima. Komabe, ngakhale kulekanitsa kwabwinoko, njira iyi ingatenge nthawi yayitali ndipo ndi yovuta kwambiri kuchita.

5. Njira Zapamwamba: Mikanda Yamagetsi ndi Ma Tagi a Fluorescent:

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, njira zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito mikanda ya maginito ndi ma fluorescent tagging zatchuka kwambiri pakulekanitsa maselo ang'onoang'ono. Mikanda ya maginito yokutidwa ndi ma antibodies enaake omwe amalimbana ndi mapuloteni apamwamba omwe ali pa nuclei kapena mitochondria ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupatula organelle imodzi kuchokera ku inzake. Kuphatikiza apo, pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wapadera wa fluorescent womwe umalunjika ku nuclei kapena mitochondria, organelles amatha kusanjidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma flow cytometers apadera kapena makina okonzera maselo opangidwa ndi fluorescence (FACS). Maukadaulo apamwamba awa amapereka kulondola kosayerekezeka komanso kogwira mtima pakulekanitsa organelles awa.

Mapeto:

Kulekanitsa ma nuclei ndi mitochondria ndi vuto chifukwa cha kufanana kwawo mu kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi mafuta. Ngakhale njira zachikhalidwe zoyezera ma centrifugation zimavutika kuti zithetse kusiyana koyenera, njira zamakono monga density gradient centrifugation, magnetic bead-based isolation, ndi fluorescent tagging zakhala zida zamphamvu zogonjetsera zopingazi. Njira zatsopanozi sizimangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndi kulondola kwa organelle learning komanso zimathandiza kusanthula kwathunthu kwa ntchito zawo ndi kuyanjana kwawo, ndikutsegula njira zatsopano zofufuzira za maselo ndi mamolekyu.