Kodi mfundo yolekanitsa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa magetsi ndi iti?

Kugawanitsa: Mfundo Zopatukana ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito

Chiyambi

Kugawa zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito centrifugation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogawa zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'magulu awo kutengera kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo. Njira yamphamvuyi ili ndi mfundo zochokera mu fizikiki ya mphamvu ya centrifugal ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana asayansi, azachipatala, ndi mafakitale. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza mwatsatanetsatane mfundo yolekanitsa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito centrifugation, kuwonetsa momwe imagwirira ntchito komanso ubwino wake.

Kumvetsetsa Centrifugation

Kuzungulira kumagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo yakuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasakanikirana ndi ma densities osiyanasiyana timatuluka pamlingo wosiyana tikamayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya centrifugal. Mwa kuzungulira chisakanizocho pa liwiro lalikulu, zigawo zokhuthala zimapita pansi pomwe zopepuka zimakhalabe pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zilekanitsidwe. Njirayi imadalira mphamvu ya centripetal acceleration, yomwe ndi mphamvu yomwe imagwira ntchito mozungulira pa chinthu chomwe chikuyenda munjira yozungulira.

Mfundo 1: Kusiyanitsa kwa Differential Centrifugation

Kusinthasintha kwa centrifugation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu biology ndi biochemistry. Imakhala ndi ma round angapo a centrifugation pa liwiro losiyana kuti igawanitse zigawo za kukula ndi kuchulukana kosiyanasiyana motsatizana. Kuzungulira koyamba kumachitika pa liwiro lotsika kuti achotse zinyalala zazikulu ndi maselo, kenako kuzunguliza pa liwiro lokwera kuti alekanitse organelles ang'onoang'ono kapena mamolekyu. Mwa kusintha mphamvu ya centrifugal ndi nthawi ya kuzungulira kulikonse, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tinthu tingalekanitsidwe bwino.

Mfundo yachiwiri: Kuchepetsa Kuchuluka kwa Ma Gradient

Kuchuluka kwa ma gradient centrifugation ndi njira yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe imaphatikiza differential centrifugation ndi kugwiritsa ntchito density gradient medium. Density gradient medium imakhala ndi yankho lokhala ndi density yomwe imawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi pa chubu. Pamene chitsanzocho chayikidwa pa gradient ndikuzunguliridwa, tinthu timasuntha kudzera mu medium kutengera kukhuthala kwawo. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri polekanitsa ma macromolecules ndi subcellular components zomwe zili ndi kusiyana pang'ono kwa density.

Ntchito 1: Kugawa Mapuloteni

Kugawa mapuloteni m'maselo kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakugawa mapuloteni m'maselo, njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana ofufuza, kuphatikizapo ma proteomics. Pogwiritsa ntchito kugawa maselo m'maselo osiyanasiyana, n'zotheka kulekanitsa maselo kuchokera ku malo osungiramo zinthu, kupatula ma organelles, kapena kugawa maselo onse kuti mupeze mapuloteni enaake ofunikira. Kuthamanga kwakukulu komwe kumachitika panthawi ya kugawa mapuloteni kumathandiza kulekanitsa bwino, kuonetsetsa kuti mapuloteniwo adziwika bwino komanso kusanthula molondola.

Ntchito 2: Kulekanitsa Maselo a Magazi

Kutsegula magazi m'magazi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma laboratories azachipatala kuti alekanitse zigawo zamagazi. Mwa kuzunguliza zitsanzo zamagazi m'machubu apadera a centrifuge, maselo ofiira amagazi, maselo oyera amagazi, ndi ma platelet amatha kulekanitsidwa bwino ndi plasma. Njirayi ndi yofunika kwambiri pazifukwa zodziwira matenda, chifukwa imalola kusanthula zigawo zinazake zamagazi, monga kuwerengera maselo oyera amagazi kapena kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kapena mamolekyu ena.

Mfundo 3: Kukonzekera kwa Ultracentrifugation

Kukonza ma ultracentrifugation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma ultracentrifuges, omwe amatha kuchita liwiro lalikulu kwambiri, kulekanitsa ndi kupatula tinthu ndi mamolekyu pamlingo wokonzekera. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeretsa ma virus, ma nucleic acid, ndi mapuloteni akuluakulu. Posankha mosamala momwe ma centrifugation amagwirira ntchito, monga mtundu wa rotor, liwiro, ndi nthawi, ofufuza amatha kulekanitsa bwino ndikubwezeretsa zinthu kuti zifufuzidwe kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza.

Ntchito 3: Kusanthula Zachilengedwe

Kuyeretsa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito centrifugation kumathandiza kwambiri pofufuza zitsanzo za chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo oyeretsera madzi akuda, kuyeretsa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito centrifugation kumathandiza kulekanitsa ndi kuchotsa zinthu zolimba m'madzi, kuonetsetsa kuti madzi oyera akutuluka. Mofananamo, pofufuza nthaka ndi matope, kuyeretsa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito centrifugation kumathandiza kulekanitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kutulutsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimathandiza kumvetsetsa kufalikira kwa zinthu zodetsa komanso thanzi la chilengedwe.

Mapeto

Kugawaniza maselo ndi njira yosinthasintha yomwe yasintha njira zolekanitsira maselo m'magawo osiyanasiyana asayansi. Mwa kumvetsetsa mfundo zomwe zili kumbuyo kwa kugawa maselo ndikusintha njirayo kuti igwirizane ndi ntchito zinazake, asayansi ndi ofufuza amatha kugawa bwino zosakaniza zovuta m'zigawo zawo. Kuyambira kugawa mapuloteni mpaka kulekanitsa maselo a magazi ndi kusanthula zachilengedwe, kugawa maselo kukupitilizabe kukhala chida chofunikira kwambiri, chomwe chingathandize kupeza zatsopano komanso kupita patsogolo m'magawo osiyanasiyana.