iyini isimiso sokuhlukaniswa esisetshenziswa ekugxilweni kwe-centrifugation

I-Centrifugation: Izimiso Zokuhlukana Nezicelo

Isingeniso

I-Centrifugation iyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa yokuhlukanisa izingxube zibe izingxenye zazo ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo. Le ndlela enamandla inezimiso ezisekelwe ku-physics yamandla e-centrifugal futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene yesayensi, yezokwelapha, neyezimboni. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola isimiso sokuhlukanisa esisetshenziswa ku-centrifugation ngokuningiliziwe, siqokomise ukusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nezinzuzo zayo.

Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation isebenza ngesimiso sokuthi izinhlayiya engxubeni enobukhulu obuhlukene zizochitheka ngamazinga ahlukene uma zibhekene namandla aphezulu e-centrifugal. Ngokuzungeza ingxube ngesivinini esikhulu, izingxenye ezixineneyo ziya phansi kuyilapho lezo ezilula zihlala phezulu, okuvumela ukuhlukana kwazo. Le nqubo incike ezimpahleni zokusheshisa kwe-centripetal, okungamandla asebenza ngokugqama ngaphandle entweni ehamba ngendlela eyindilinga.

Isimiso 1: I-Differential Centrifugation

I-differential centrifugation iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi ku-biology kanye ne-biochemistry. Ihilela imijikelezo eminingi ye-centrifugation ngesivinini esihlukene ukuze kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezinobukhulu obuhlukene kanye nobuningi ngokulandelana. Ukujikeleza kokuqala kwenziwa ngesivinini esiphansi ukuze kususwe udoti omkhulu namaseli, bese kulandela ukujikeleza ngesivinini esiphezulu ukuze kuhlukaniswe ama-organelle amancane noma ama-molecule. Ngokulungisa amandla e-centrifugal nesikhathi sokujikeleza ngakunye, ububanzi obukhulu bezinhlayiya bungahlukaniswa ngempumelelo.

Isimiso 2: I-Density Gradient Centrifugation

I-centrifugation ye-density gradient iyindlela ethuthuke kakhulu ehlanganisa i-differential centrifugation nokusetshenziswa kwe-density gradient medium. I-density gradient medium iqukethe isixazululo esinobukhulu obukhula kancane kancane kusukela phezulu kuya phansi kwethubhu. Lapho isampula ibekwe phezu kwe-gradient futhi iphothwa, izinhlayiya ziyahamba phakathi kwe-medium ngokusekelwe ekubuthweni kwazo. Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni ama-macromolecule kanye nezingxenye ezingaphansi kweseli ezinomehluko omncane ekubuthweni.

Isicelo 1: Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamaprotheni

I-Centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlukanisweni kwamaprotheni, inqubo esetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene zocwaningo, kufaka phakathi i-proteomics. Ngokusebenzisa i-differential centrifugation, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa amaseli endaweni yokukhulisa, ukuhlukanisa ama-organelle, noma ukuhlukanisa ama-lysate eseli lonke ukuze uthole amaprotheni athile athakazelisayo. Isivinini esiphezulu esitholakala ngesikhathi se-centrifugation sivumela ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo, okuqinisekisa ukuhlonza nokuhlaziya okunembile kwamaprotheni.

Isicelo 2: Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamaseli Egazi

I-Centrifugation isetshenziswa kabanzi emalabhorethri emitholampilo ukuze kuhlukaniswe izingxenye zegazi. Ngokujikelezisa amasampula egazi kumashubhu akhethekile e-centrifuge, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet angahlukaniswa ngempumelelo ne-plasma. Le ndlela ibalulekile ngezinjongo zokuxilonga, njengoba ivumela ukuhlaziywa kwezingxenye ezithile zegazi, njengokubala amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi noma ukunquma ukuhlushwa kwamakhemikhali noma ama-molecule athile.

Isimiso 3: Ukulungiselela i-Ultracentrifugation

I-preparative ultracentrifugation iyindlela esebenzisa ama-ultracentrifuge, akwazi ukufeza isivinini esikhulu ngokumangalisayo, ukuhlukanisa nokuhlukanisa izinhlayiya nama-molecule esikalini sokulungiselela. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzweni kwamagciwane, ama-nucleic acid, kanye nama-protein complexes amakhulu. Ngokukhetha ngokucophelela izimo ze-centrifugation, njengohlobo lwe-rotor, isivinini, kanye nobude besikhathi, abacwaningi bangahlukanisa futhi babuyisele ngempumelelo izinto ukuze zifundwe noma zisetshenziswe kabanzi.

Isicelo 3: Ukuhlaziywa Kwemvelo

I-Centrifugation ithola ukusetshenziswa okuwusizo ekuhlaziyweni kwamasampula emvelo. Isibonelo, ezitshalweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, i-centrifugation isiza ekuhlukaniseni nasekususeni izinto eziqinile emanzini, iqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ahlanzekile ayaphuma. Ngokufanayo, ekuhlaziyweni kwenhlabathi kanye nenhlabathi, i-centrifugation isiza ekuhlukaniseni izinhlayiya nokukhipha izingxenye ezahlukahlukene, okufaka isandla ekuqondeni ukusatshalaliswa kokungcola kanye nempilo yesistimu.

Isiphetho

I-Centrifugation iyindlela eguquguqukayo eye yashintsha izinqubo zokuhlukanisa emikhakheni eminingi yesayensi. Ngokuqonda izimiso ezingemuva kwe-centrifugation kanye nokulungisa le ndlela ngokwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile, ososayensi nabacwaningi bangahlukanisa ngempumelelo izingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi zibe izingxenye zabo ngazinye. Kusukela ekuhlukanisweni kwamaprotheni kuya ekuhlukanisweni kwamangqamuzana egazi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemvelo, i-centrifugation iyaqhubeka nokuba ithuluzi elibalulekile, elivumela ukutholakala okusha kanye nentuthuko emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene.