He aha ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka centrifugation
Centrifugation: Nā Kumumanaʻo o ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me nā Noi
Hoʻolauna
ʻO ke centrifugation kahi ʻano hana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hui ʻana i loko o kā lākou mau ʻāpana pākahi ma muli o ko lākou nui. Loaʻa i kēia ʻano hana ikaika nā loina i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka physics o ka ikaika centrifugal a hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā ʻano ʻepekema, lapaʻau, a me nā ʻoihana like ʻole. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka centrifugation me nā kikoʻī, e hōʻike ana i kāna mau noi a me nā pono.
Ke Hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka Centrifugation
Hana ka centrifugation ma ke kumumanaʻo e hoʻomoe nā ʻāpana i loko o kahi hui me nā density like ʻole i nā wikiwiki like ʻole ke kau ʻia i ka ikaika centrifugal kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka milo ʻana i ka hui ʻana i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, neʻe nā ʻāpana denser i lalo aʻo nā mea māmā e noho ana ma luna, e ʻae ana i ko lākou kaʻawale ʻana. Hilinaʻi kēia kaʻina hana i nā waiwai o ka hoʻolalelale centripetal, ʻo ia ka ikaika e hana ana ma ke ʻano radial i waho ma luna o kahi mea e neʻe ana ma ke ala pōʻai.
Kumumanaʻo 1: Centrifugation ʻokoʻa
ʻO ka centrifugation ʻokoʻa kahi ʻenehana i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka biology a me ka biochemistry. Pili ia i nā pōʻai centrifugation he nui i nā wikiwiki like ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana o nā nui like ʻole a me nā densities. Hana ʻia ka milo mua ma nā wikiwiki haʻahaʻa e wehe i nā ʻōpala nui a me nā cell, me nā milo ma hope i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokaʻawale i nā organelles a i ʻole nā molecule liʻiliʻi. Ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ikaika centrifugal a me ka manawa no kēlā me kēia milo, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻia kahi ākea o nā nui o nā ʻāpana.
Kumumanaʻo 2: Ke Keʻena Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka Density Gradient
ʻO ka centrifugation gradient density kahi ʻenehana holomua e hoʻohui i ka centrifugation differential me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi medium gradient density. ʻO kahi medium gradient density he hopena me kahi density e hoʻonui mālie mai luna a lalo o ka paipu. Ke kau ʻia ka hāpana ma luna o ka gradient a milo ʻia, neʻe nā ʻāpana ma waena o ka medium ma muli o ko lākou density buoyant. He mea pono loa kēia ʻenehana no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā macromolecules a me nā ʻāpana subcellular me nā ʻokoʻa iki o ka density.
Noi 1: Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka Protein
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka centrifugation i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā protein, kahi hana i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā wahi noiʻi like ʻole, me ka proteomics. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka centrifugation ʻokoʻa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā cell mai ka medium culture, hoʻokaʻawale i nā organelles, a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lysates cell holoʻokoʻa e loaʻa ai nā protein kikoʻī o ka hoihoi. ʻO nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa i ka wā o ka centrifugation e ʻae ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻana, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka ʻike pololei a me ka nānā ʻana o nā protein.
Noi 2: Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā Kelepona Koko
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka centrifugation i nā keʻena hoʻokolohua lapaʻau no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana koko. Ma ka milo ʻana i nā hāpana koko i loko o nā paipu centrifuge kūikawā, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻia nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo, a me nā platelets mai ka plasma. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻano hana no nā kumu diagnostic, no ka mea e ʻae ai i ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻāpana koko kikoʻī, e like me ka helu ʻana i nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui o kekahi mau kemika a i ʻole nā molekala.
Kumumanaʻo 3: Hoʻomākaukau Ultracentrifugation
ʻO ka ultracentrifugation hoʻomākaukau kahi ʻenehana e hoʻohana ana i nā ultracentrifuges, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe loa, e hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana a me nā molekala ma kahi pae hoʻomākaukau. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻenehana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā virus, nā waikawa nucleic, a me nā hui protein nui. Ma ke koho pono ʻana i nā kūlana centrifugation, e like me ke ʻano rotor, ka wikiwiki, a me ka lōʻihi, hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke hoʻokaʻawale pono a hoʻihoʻi i nā mea no ke aʻo hou ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana.
Noi 3: Ka Nānā ʻana i ke Kaiapuni
Loaʻa i ka centrifugation nā noi waiwai nui i ka nānā ʻana i nā laʻana kaiapuni. No ka laʻana, i loko o nā hale hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻino, kōkua ka centrifugation i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i nā mea paʻa mai ka wai, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i nā hoʻokuʻu wai maʻemaʻe. Pēlā nō, i ka nānā ʻana i ka lepo a me ka sediment, kōkua ka centrifugation i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana a me ka unuhi ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā mea haumia a me ke olakino o ka ʻōnaehana ola.
Hopena
He ʻano hana like ʻole ka centrifugation i hoʻololi i nā kaʻina hana hoʻokaʻawale ma nā ʻano ʻepekema like ʻole. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā loina ma hope o ka centrifugation a me ka hoʻopilikino ʻana i ke ʻano hana i nā noi kikoʻī, hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema a me nā mea noiʻi ke hoʻokaʻawale pono i nā hui paʻakikī i loko o kā lākou mau ʻāpana pākahi. Mai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka protein a hiki i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā cell koko a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ke hoʻomau nei ka centrifugation i mea hana pono ʻole, e hiki ai ke ʻike hou a me nā holomua ma nā ʻano like ʻole.
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