yintoni umgaqo wokwahlukanisa osetyenziswa kwi-centrifugation

I-Centrifugation: Imigaqo yoKwahlula kunye nezicelo

Intshayelelo

I-Centrifugation yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu ukwahlula imixube ibe ngamacandelo ayo ngokwahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bayo. Le ndlela inamandla inemigaqo esekelwe kwifiziksi yamandla e-centrifugal kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi, zonyango, kunye nezoshishino. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola umgaqo wokwahlula osetyenziswa kwi-centrifugation ngokweenkcukacha, sigqamise ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye neenzuzo zayo.

Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation isebenza ngomgaqo wokuba amasuntswana kumxube onobunzima obahlukeneyo aya kuphuma ngamanani ahlukeneyo xa esetyenziswa ngamandla aphezulu e-centrifugal. Ngokujikelezisa umxube ngesantya esiphezulu, izinto ezixineneyo ziya ezantsi ngelixa ezo zikhaphukhaphu zihlala ziphezulu, nto leyo evumela ukwahlukana kwazo. Le nkqubo ixhomekeke kwiipropati ze-centripetal acceleration, amandla asebenza ngokugqithisileyo ngaphandle kwinto ehamba ngendlela ejikelezayo.

Umgaqo 1: Ukwahlulahlula iCentrifugation

I-differential centrifugation yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-biology nakwi-biochemistry. Ibandakanya imijikelo emininzi ye-centrifugation ngesantya esahlukileyo ukuze kwahlulwe ngokulandelelana izinto ezinobukhulu noxinano olwahlukeneyo. Ukujikeleza kokuqala kwenziwa ngesantya esiphantsi ukususa ukungcola okukhulu kunye neeseli, kunye nokujikeleza okulandelayo ngesantya esiphezulu ukuze kwahlulwe ii-organelles ezincinci okanye iimolekyuli. Ngokulungisa amandla e-centrifugal kunye nexesha lokujikeleza ngakunye, uluhlu olubanzi lwee-particles lunokwahlulwa ngempumelelo.

Umgaqo 2: Uxinaniso lweGradient Centrifugation

I-centrifugation ye-density gradient yindlela ephucukileyo edibanisa i-differential centrifugation kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-density gradient medium. I-density gradient medium inesisombululo esinoxinano olunyuka kancinci ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kwetyhubhu. Xa isampuli ibekwe phezu kwe-gradient kwaye ijikeleziswa, amasuntswana ahamba nge-medium ngokusekelwe kuxinano lwawo oluhambayo. Le ndlela iluncedo ngakumbi ekuhlukaniseni ii-macromolecules kunye neenxalenye ze-subcellular ezinomahluko omncinci kuxinano.

Isicelo 1: Ukwahlulwa kweProteni

I-Centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhekezweni kweeproteni, inkqubo esetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zophando, kuquka i-proteomics. Ngokusebenzisa i-differential centrifugation, kunokwenzeka ukwahlula iiseli kwi-culture medium, ukwahlula ii-organelles, okanye ukuqhekezwa kwee-lysates zeseli ziphela ukuze kufunyanwe iiproteni ezithile ezinomdla. Isantya esiphezulu esifikelelwayo ngexesha le-centrifugation sivumela ukwahlukana okusebenzayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo kunye nohlalutyo lweeproteni.

Isicelo sesi-2: Ukwahlulwa kweeseli zegazi

I-Centrifugation isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiilabhoratri zeklinikhi zokwahlulahlula iinxalenye zegazi. Ngokujikelezisa iisampuli zegazi kwiityhubhu ezikhethekileyo ze-centrifuge, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets zinokuhlulwa ngokufanelekileyo kwi-plasma. Le ndlela ibalulekile kwiinjongo zokuxilonga, njengoko ivumela uhlalutyo lweenxalenye ezithile zegazi, njengokubala iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi okanye ukumisela uxinano lweekhemikhali okanye iimolekyuli ezithile.

Umgaqo 3: Ukulungiselela i-Ultracentrifugation

I-preparative ultracentrifugation yindlela esebenzisa i-ultracentrifuges, ekwaziyo ukufikelela kwisantya esiphezulu kakhulu, ukwahlula nokwahlula amasuntswana kunye neemolekyuli kwisikali sokulungiselela. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ekucoceni iintsholongwane, ii-nucleic acids, kunye neeproteni ezinkulu. Ngokukhetha ngononophelo iimeko ze-centrifugation, ezifana nohlobo lwe-rotor, isantya, kunye nobude bexesha, abaphandi banokuzahlula ngempumelelo kwaye bafumane izinto ukuze zifundwe okanye zisetyenziswe ngakumbi.

Isicelo 3: Uhlalutyo lweNdalo

Ukucoca amanzi amdaka kusetyenziswa kakhulu ekuhlalutyeni iisampulu zokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, kwizityalo zonyango lwamanzi amdaka, ukucoca amanzi amdaka kunceda ekwahlukaniseni nasekususeni izinto eziqinileyo emanzini, kuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi acocekileyo aphuma. Ngokufanayo, kuhlalutyo lomhlaba kunye nentlenga, ukucoca amanzi amdaka kunceda ekwahlukaniseni amasuntswana kunye nokukhupha izinto ezahlukeneyo, okuncedisa ekuqondeni ukusasazwa kongcoliseko kunye nempilo yendalo.

Isiphelo

I-Centrifugation yindlela eguquguqukayo eye yaguqula iinkqubo zokwahlulahlula kwiinkalo ezininzi zesayensi. Ngokuqonda imigaqo esemva kwe-centrifugation kunye nokulungelelanisa le ndlela ngokwezicelo ezithile, izazinzulu kunye nabaphandi banokwahlula ngokufanelekileyo imixube enzima ibe ziinxalenye zabo. Ukusuka ekuqhekezweni kweproteni ukuya ekuhlukanisweni kweeseli zegazi kunye nohlalutyo lokusingqongileyo, i-centrifugation iyaqhubeka nokuba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo, esivumela ukufunyanwa okutsha kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.