Kodi centrifugation imalekanitsa bwanji ma cell organelles?

Kodi Centrifugation Imalekanitsa Bwanji Organelles a Maselo?

Chiyambi:

Kugawaniza maselo ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zamoyo kuti ilekanitse maselo kutengera kukula kwawo, kuchuluka kwawo, ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi. Mwa kupereka zitsanzo ku mphamvu zozungulira mofulumira kwambiri, kugawa maselo kumagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa zinthuzi, zomwe zimathandiza asayansi kupatula maselo enaake kuti awunikenso bwino. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mfundo zomwe zimayambira kugawa maselo ndikuwunika momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito mu sayansi ya maselo.

1. Zoyambira za Centrifugation:

Kugawa mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito centrifuge kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito makina ozungulira, omwe amazungulira zitsanzo mwachangu kuti apange mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito centrifuge. Mphamvu zimenezi zimapangitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kukhala tomwe timalowa m'madzi, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono tolemera komanso tating'onoting'ono timakhazikika mofulumira kuposa topepuka komanso tating'onoting'ono. Kulekanitsidwa kumeneku kumachitika poika tinthu tating'onoting'ono tolemera pansi pa chubu, potero timawalekanitsa ndi ena onse a zitsanzozo.

2. Kusiyanitsa kwa Centrifugation:

Kusiyanitsa kwa ma centrifugation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polekanitsa ma cell organelles. Imakhala ndi njira zingapo zotsatizana zolekanitsa ma cell, iliyonse yokhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezera ya ma centrifugation ndi nthawi yake. Cholinga chake ndikulekanitsa ma organelles pang'onopang'ono kutengera kukula kwawo ndi kuchuluka kwawo.

Pa nthawi yoyamba yozungulira pang'onopang'ono, zinyalala zazikulu ndi ma nuclei zimakhazikika pansi, ndikupanga pellet. Supernatant, yokhala ndi ma organelle ang'onoang'ono monga mitochondria ndi lysosomes, imasonkhanitsidwa ndikuyikidwanso mu centrifugation ina pa liwiro lalikulu. Njirayi imabwerezedwa kangapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma organelle enaake atuluke.

3. Kuchepetsa Mphamvu ya Maginito:

Kuchuluka kwa ma centrifugation ndi njira yokonzedwa bwino yomwe imalekanitsa ma organelle osati ndi kukula kokha komanso ndi kuchulukana. Mu njira iyi, magawo awiri kapena angapo amadzimadzi okhala ndi kuchulukana kowonjezereka amaikidwa mu chubu cha centrifuge. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito ku centrifugation, ma organelle amasuntha kudzera mu kuchulukana mpaka kufika kudera lomwe kuchulukana kwawo kumafanana ndi kwa malo ozungulira.

Ma organelle amapanga magulu kapena madera osiyanasiyana mkati mwa gradient, zomwe zimathandiza kuti asonkhanitsidwe ndi kusanthula kwina. Njira imeneyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri pogawa ma organelle ofooka, monga peroxisomes ndi Golgi apparatus, omwe ali ndi kukula kofanana koma makulidwe osiyana.

4. Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ultracentrifugation:

Kuyeza mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi (ultracentrifuges) kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimatha kupanga mphamvu zoposa mphamvu yokoka ya Dziko Lapansi nthawi 100,000. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito polekanitsa ziwalo zazing'ono komanso zokhuthala, monga ma microsome, ma ribosome, ndi mavairasi.

Mwa kuyika chitsanzocho pansi pa mphamvu zoopsa kwambiri, ultracentrifugation imatha kulekanitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono mpaka kufika pa nanoscale. Mapangidwe a sedimentation omwe amapezeka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatula zigawo zinazake za maselo kutengera kukula ndi kuchuluka kwawo.

5. Kugwiritsa Ntchito mu Sayansi ya Maselo:

Kutsegula maselo ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri mu sayansi ya maselo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwa kudzipatula ndi kuyeretsa ziwalo zinazake, ofufuza amatha kuphunzira ntchito zawo, kapangidwe ka mapuloteni, ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito mkati mwa selo.

Ntchito imodzi yofunika kwambiri ndikumvetsetsa ntchito ya mitochondrial ndi kusagwira bwino ntchito kwake. Kutsegula ma centrifugation kumalola ofufuza kupatula mitochondria kuchokera ku minofu kapena maselo osiyanasiyana ndikuwunika mphamvu zake, kagayidwe kake ka thupi, ndi udindo wake pa matenda monga Parkinson's kapena Alzheimer's.

Ntchito ina ili mu kuphunzira za mavairasi ndi matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi. Kuyeza kwa ultracentrifugation kumathandiza kuyeretsa tinthu ta mavairasi kuchokera ku maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, zomwe zimathandiza kudziwa kapangidwe kawo, majini awo, ndi njira zoberekera mavairasi.

Kuphatikiza apo, centrifugation imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya ma proteomics mwa kupatula magawo a maselo omwe amagwira ntchito popanga ndi kugulitsa mapuloteni. Izi zimathandiza kusanthula komwe mapuloteni amapezeka, kusintha kwa pambuyo pa kumasulira, komanso kuyanjana kwa mapuloteni ndi mapuloteni.

Mapeto:

Kugawa maselo m'maselo ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yolekanitsira maselo kutengera kukula kwawo, kuchuluka kwawo, ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yogawa maselo m'maselo ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi m'maselo, maselo enaake amatha kugawidwa ndikuphunziridwa mozama. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi m'maselo kumathandiza kwambiri kumvetsetsa kwathu njira zamaselo ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala.