Imveliso yobungcali yokwahlulahlula i-centrifuge kunye nomenzi woomatshini bamayeza - iZonelink

I-centrifugation yahlula njani ii-organelles zeseli

2023-07-26

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I-Centrifugation iyahlula njani ii-organelles zeseli?

Intshayelelo:

I-Centrifugation yindlela ebalulekileyo esetyenziswa kuphando lwebhayoloji ukwahlula ii-organelles zeseli ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bazo, uxinano, kunye nesantya sokutsalwa kwetyuwa. Ngokufaka iisampulu kumandla okujikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu, i-centrifugation isebenzisa umahluko kwezi mpawu, ivumela izazinzulu ukuba zahlule ii-organelles ezithile ukuze zihlalutywe ngakumbi. Eli nqaku lichaza imigaqo engasemva kwe-centrifugation kwaye liphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwibhayoloji yeseli.

1. Iziseko zeCentrifugation:

Ukucoca nge-centrifuge kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-centrifuge, umatshini ojikeleza iisampuli ngesantya esiphezulu ukuvelisa amandla e-centrifugal. La mandla abangela ukuba amasuntswana abe sedakeni, apho amasuntswana anzima namakhulu ahlala ngokukhawuleza kunelawo alula nalawo mancinci. Ukwahlukana kufezekiswa ngokufaka amasuntswana anzima ezantsi kwetyhubhu, ngaloo ndlela ewahlukanisa nesampulu eseleyo.

2. I-Centrifugation yokwahluka:

I-differential centrifugation yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ukwahlula ii-organelles zeseli. Ibandakanya uthotho lwamanyathelo okulandelelana kwe-centrifugation, ngalinye linamandla okwandisa i-centrifugal kunye nobude bayo. Injongo kukwahlula ii-organelles kancinci kancinci ngokusekelwe kubukhulu kunye noxinano lwazo.

Ngexesha lokuqala lokujikeleza ngesantya esiphantsi, inkunkuma enkulu kunye neenuclei zihlala ezantsi, zenze i-pellet. I-supernatant, equlethe ii-organelles ezincinci ezifana ne-mitochondria kunye ne-lysosomes, iqokelelwa kwaye ibekwe kwenye i-round ye-centrifugation ngesantya esiphezulu. Le nkqubo iphindaphindwa amaxesha amaninzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ii-organelles ezithile zahlulwe.

3. I-Centrifugation ye-Density Gradient:

I-centrifugation ye-density gradient yindlela ephucukileyo eyahlula ii-organelles kungekuphela nje ngobukhulu kodwa nangobuninzi. Kule ndlela, ii-phase ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zolwelo ezinobunzima obandayo zifakwa kwityhubhu ye-centrifuge. Xa ziphantsi kwe-centrifugation, ii-organelles ziyahamba nge-density gradient zide zifikelele kwindawo apho ubuninzi bazo bufana nobo be-medium ejikelezileyo.

Ii-organelles zenza iibhendi okanye iindawo ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwe-gradient, okuvumela ukuqokelelwa kwazo kunye nohlalutyo olongezelelweyo. Le ndlela iluncedo ngakumbi xa kubekwa ii-organelles ezibuthathaka, ezifana ne-peroxisomes kunye ne-Golgi apparatus, ezinobukhulu obufanayo kodwa uxinano olwahlukileyo.

4. Ukususa i-Ultracentrifugation:

I-Ultracentrifugation ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwee-centrifuge ezinesantya esiphezulu ezinokuvelisa amandla adlula amandla omxhuzulane woMhlaba ngokuphindwe kayi-100,000. Le ndlela isetyenziswa ukwahlula ii-organelles ezincinci nezixineneyo, ezifana nee-microsomes, ii-ribosomes, kunye neentsholongwane.

Ngokubeka isampuli phantsi kwamandla aqatha kangaka, i-ultracentrifugation inokwahlulahlula amasuntswana ukuya kwi-nanoscale. Iipateni ze-sedimentation eziphumayo zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula iinxalenye ezithile zeseli ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bazo kunye noxinano lwazo.

5. Izicelo kwiBiology yeeSeli:

I-Centrifugation sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwibhayoloji yeseli esineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Ngokuhlukanisa nokucoca ii-organelles ezithile, abaphandi banokufunda imisebenzi yazo, ukwakheka kweproteni, kunye nokusebenzisana kwazo ngaphakathi kwiseli.

Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka yenziwe kukuqonda umsebenzi we-mitochondrial kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwayo. I-Centrifugation ivumela abaphandi ukuba bahlukanise i-mitochondria kwiithishu okanye iiseli ezahlukeneyo baze bahlole amandla azo e-bioenergetics, imetabolism, kunye nendima yazo kwizifo ezifana neParkinson's okanye i-Alzheimer's.

Enye indlela yokusebenzisa isekufundweni kweentsholongwane kunye nosulelo lwentsholongwane. I-Ultracentrifugation ivumela ukucocwa kwamasuntswana entsholongwane kwiiseli ezinentsholongwane, inceda ekuchazeni ulwakhiwo lwazo, i-genome, kunye neendlela zokuphindaphinda kwentsholongwane.

Ngaphezu koko, i-centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwicandelo le-proteomics ngokwahlulahlula iindawo zeseli ezibandakanyekayo ekuhlanganisweni nasekuthengisweni kweproteni. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuhlalutywa kwendawo yeproteni, utshintsho emva kokuguqulwa, kunye nokusebenzisana kweproteni neproteni.

Isiphelo:

I-Centrifugation yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwahlula ii-organelles zeseli ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bazo, uxinano, kunye namazinga okutsalwa kwetyuwa. Ngokusebenzisa zombini i-differential centrifugation kunye ne-density gradient centrifugation, ii-organelles ezithile zinokuhlukaniswa kwaye zifundwe nzulu. Uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zale ndlela kwi-cell biology lunegalelo elikhulu ekuqondeni kwethu iinkqubo zeseli kunye nophuhliso lwezonyango.