iyini indlela yokuhlukanisa i-centrifugation

Indlela Yokuhlukanisa I-Centrifugation: Ukuguqula Amasu Elabhorethri

Isingeniso

Ezweni locwaningo lwesayensi kanye namasu elebhu, izindlela zokuhlukanisa zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni izingxenye ezithile ezingxubeni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Nakuba kunezindlela eziningana ezitholakalayo, i-centrifugation ivele njengenye yezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kabanzi. Lesi sihloko sihlola isimiso ngemuva kwe-centrifugation kanye nezinhlelo zayo ezahlukahlukene emikhakheni ehlukene yesayensi.

Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation inqubo esebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bazo, ukuma, ubuningi, kanye ne-viscosity. Ngokufaka ingxube ekujikelezeni okusheshayo, izinhlayiya ezisindayo ziphoqelelwa phansi, zakha i-pellet, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezikhanyayo zihlala zilenga oketshezini oluphezulu. Ukusebenza kahle kwale ndlela kusekukwazini ukuhlukanisa ngokushesha izingxenye ebezizodinga amahora noma ngisho nezinsuku kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela.

Izinhlobo ze-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation Ehlukile

I-differential centrifugation uhlobo oluvame kakhulu noluyisisekelo lwendlela ye-centrifugation. Kule ndlela, isampula iphothwa ngesivinini esiphansi, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bazo kanye nesisindo. Ngokwandisa isivinini kancane kancane, imijikelezo elandelanayo ye-centrifugation ingenziwa ukuze kufezwe ukuhlukaniswa okwengeziwe. Le nqubo iphindaphindwa kuze kube yilapho izingxenye ezahlukene zengxube zihlukaniswe ngokwanele.

I-Centrifugation ye-Density Gradient

I-centrifugation ye-density gradient iyindlela ethuthuke kakhulu yokwehlukanisa ehilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-density gradient medium. Le medium, ngokuvamile eyisisombululo se-sucrose noma i-cesium chloride, yakha i-gradient efanayo epayipini le-centrifuge. Ingxube ibe isibekwa phezu kwe-gradient, futhi lapho i-centrifugation ifakwa, izingxenye ezahlukene ziyahamba ngepayipi ngokuya ngobuningi bazo obuthambile. Le ndlela ivumela ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezinobukhulu obufanayo kodwa ubuningi obuhlukile.

Izicelo ze-Centrifugation

I-Biochemistry kanye ne-Biology yamaseli

I-Centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni we-biochemistry kanye ne-biology yamaseli. Isiza ekuhlukaniseni nasekuhlanzweni kwama-organelle amaseli afana ne-mitochondria, i-nuclei, kanye ne-ribosomes, okubalulekile ekuqondeni isakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi wawo. Ngokufaka ama-extracts amaseli ku-differential centrifugation, ososayensi bangahlukanisa izingxenye zamaseli ngokusekelwe esivinini sawo sokungcola kanye nobuningi, banikeze ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezindima zabo zebhayoloji.

Ukuxilongwa Kwezokwelapha

I-Centrifugation isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxilongweni kwemitholampilo ukuze kuhlukaniswe izingxenye zegazi. Ngokujikeleza igazi ngesivinini esikhulu, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet angahlukaniswa ne-plasma. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuhlaziya izingxenye ezithile ezifana namazinga e-hematocrit, inani lamangqamuzana egazi, namaprotheni e-plasma, okusiza ekuxilongweni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokuqapha impilo iyonke.

Imboni Yokudla Neziphuzo

I-Centrifugation isetshenziswa embonini yokudla neziphuzo, ikakhulukazi ekuhlukaniseni izigaba eziqinile neziwuketshezi. Isibonelo, lapho kukhiqizwa amajusi ezithelo, i-centrifugation isetshenziselwa ukususa uginindela nokuthuthukisa ukucaca komkhiqizo wokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekukhiqizweni kobhiya, ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli emvubelo koketshezi oluvutshiwe kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale umkhiqizo ocacile ongaphuzwa.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwemvelo

Amasu okusebenzisa i-centrifugation asetshenziswa ekuhlaziyeni okuhlukahlukene kwemvelo ukuze kutholakale izakhiwo kanye nezingxenye zamasampula ayinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, ezitshalweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, ama-centrifuge asetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa udaka nesigaba soketshezi, okwenza kube lula ukulahlwa kwamanzi alungisiwe. Ngokufanayo, ekuhlaziyweni kwenhlabathi, ukusebenzisa i-centrifugation kungasiza ekuhlukaniseni izinhlayiya zomhlabathi ezinobukhulu obuhlukene, kunikeze ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuzala kwenhlabathi, ukwakheka kwayo, kanye nezinto ezingaba khona ezingcolisayo.

Izinzuzo kanye nokulinganiselwa kwe-Centrifugation

Izinzuzo

I-Centrifugation inikeza izinzuzo eziningana ngaphezu kwezinye izindlela zokuhlukanisa. Okokuqala, kuyinqubo esheshayo, evumela abacwaningi nososayensi ukuthola imiphumela esikhathini esifushane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-centrifugation isebenza kahle kakhulu, iqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa okuphezulu kwezingxenye ezifunwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyindlela emnene enciphisa umonakalo wezinhlayiya ezibucayi, okwenza ifanelekele amasampula ahlukahlukene ezinto eziphilayo.

Ukulinganiselwa

Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo eziningi, i-centrifugation inemikhawulo ethile. Okokuqala, idinga imishini ekhethekile njenge-centrifuge, okungenzeka ingatholakali kalula kuzo zonke ilabhorethri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ayifanele ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezinobukhulu obufanayo kodwa ezinobukhulu obufanayo ngoba ngeke zihlukaniswe kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-centrifugation ngezinye izikhathi ingaletha ukucindezeleka kwe-shear okungase kushintshe ubuqotho bamasampula athile ebhayoloji, okuthinta ukunemba kwemiphumela yokugcina.

Isiphetho

I-Centrifugation iyindlela enamandla yokuhlukanisa eye yashintsha izinqubo zelebhu emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene yesayensi. Amandla ayo okuhlukanisa ngokushesha izingxenye ezithile ezixutshweni eziyinkimbinkimbi avule amathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa ucwaningo kanye nezicelo zemboni. Kusukela ku-biochemistry kanye nokuxilongwa kwezokwelapha kuya ekuhlaziyweni kokudla kanye nemvelo, i-centrifugation iyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuqonda kwethu umhlaba wemvelo kanye nokuthuthukisa izimpilo zethu zansuku zonke.