yintoni indlela yokwahlulahlula i-centrifugation

Indlela yoKwahlula iCentrifugation: Ukuguqula iindlela zelebhu

Intshayelelo

Kwihlabathi lophando lwesayensi kunye neendlela zelebhu, iindlela zokwahlulahlula zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlukaniseni izinto ezithile kwimixube enzima. Nangona kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo, i-centrifugation iye yavela njengenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo nezisetyenziswa kakhulu. Eli nqaku liphonononga umgaqo osemva kwe-centrifugation kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi.

Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation yindlela esebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukwahlula amasuntswana ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bawo, imo, uxinano, kunye ne-viscosity. Ngokufaka umxube kujikelezo olukhawulezayo, amasuntswana anzima ayaphoqeleka ezantsi, enze i-pellet, ngelixa amasuntswana alula ehlala exhonywe kulwelo olungaphezulu. Ukusebenza kwale ndlela kuxhomekeke kubuchule bokwahlula ngokukhawuleza izinto ebezinokuthatha iiyure okanye iintsuku kusetyenziswa ezinye iindlela.

Iintlobo zeCentrifugation

I-Centrifugation eyahlukileyo

Ukwahlulahlula i-centrifugation lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo nolusisiseko lwendlela yokwahlulahlula. Kule ndlela, isampuli ijikeleziswa ngesantya esiphantsi, okuvumela ukwahlukana kwamasuntswana ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bawo nobunzima bawo. Ngokunyusa isantya kancinci kancinci, imijikelo elandelelanayo yokwahlulahlula ingenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe ukwahlukana okungakumbi. Le nkqubo iphindaphindwa de kubekho iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomxube ezahlulwe ngokwaneleyo.

I-Centrifugation yeGradient yoxinano

I-centrifugation ye-density gradient luhlobo oluphucukileyo lwendlela yokwahlulahlula olubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-density gradient medium. Le medium, edla ngokuba yisisombululo se-sucrose okanye i-cesium chloride, yenza i-gradient efanayo kwityhubhu ye-centrifuge. Emva koko umxube ubekwa phezu kwe-gradient, kwaye xa i-centrifugation ifakwa, izinto ezahlukeneyo ziyahamba ecaleni kwetyhubhu ngokwe-buoyant densities zazo. Le ndlela ivumela ukwahlulahlula amasuntswana anobukhulu obufanayo kodwa ahlukeneyo.

Izicelo zeCentrifugation

I-Biochemistry kunye neBiology yeeSeli

I-Centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwicandelo le-biochemistry kunye ne-cell biology. Inceda ekuhlukaniseni nasekucoceni ii-organelles zeseli ezifana ne-mitochondria, i-nuclei, kunye ne-ribosomes, ezibalulekileyo ekuqondeni ulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wazo. Ngokufaka ii-extracts zeseli kwi-differential centrifugation, izazinzulu zinokuzahlula ii-cell components ngokusekelwe kwisantya sazo sedimentation kunye noxinano lwazo, zibonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nemisebenzi yazo yebhayoloji.

Uxilongo lwezonyango

I-Centrifugation isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuxilongweni kwezonyango ukuze kwahlulwe iinxalenye zegazi. Ngokujikelezisa igazi ngesantya esiphezulu, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets zinokwahlulwa kwi-plasma. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuhlalutya iinxalenye ezithile ezifana namanqanaba e-hematocrit, inani leeseli zegazi, kunye neeproteni ze-plasma, ukunceda ekuxilongweni kwezifo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokujonga impilo iyonke.

Ishishini lokutya neziselo

I-Centrifugation isetyenziswa kwishishini lokutya neziselo, ingakumbi ekwahlulweni kwezigaba eziqinileyo nezilulwelo. Umzekelo, xa kuveliswa iijusi zeziqhamo, i-centrifugation isetyenziselwa ukususa i-pulp nokuphucula ukucaca kwemveliso yokugqibela. Ukongeza, ekwenzeni ibhiya, ukwahlulwa kweeseli zemvubelo kulwelo oluvundisiweyo kubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe imveliso ecacileyo yokusela.

Uhlalutyo lweNdalo

Iindlela zokucoca amanzi zisetyenziswa kuhlalutyo oluhlukeneyo lokusingqongileyo ukuze kuchongwe iimpawu kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiisampuli ezintsonkothileyo. Umzekelo, kwizityalo zonyango lwamanzi amdaka, ii-centrifuges zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula udaka kwisigaba solwelo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukulahlwa kwamanzi acociweyo. Ngokufanayo, kuhlalutyo lomhlaba, ukucoca amanzi kunokunceda ekwahlukaniseni amasuntswana omhlaba anobukhulu obahlukeneyo, kubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nokuchuma komhlaba, ukwakheka kwawo, kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo.

Iingenelo kunye nokuNciphisa kweCentrifugation

Iingenelo

Ukucoca nge-centrifugation kunika iingenelo ezininzi kunezinye iindlela zokwahlulahlula. Okokuqala, yinkqubo ekhawulezayo, evumela abaphandi kunye nososayensi ukuba bafumane iziphumo kwixesha elifutshane. Ukongeza, ukucoca nge-centrifugation kusebenza kakuhle, kuqinisekisa ukubuyiswa okuphezulu kwezinto ezifunekayo. Ngaphezu koko, yindlela ethambileyo enciphisa umonakalo kwiisuntswana ezibuthathaka, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiisampuli ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji.

Imida

Nangona ineengenelo ezininzi, i-centrifugation inemida ethile. Okokuqala, ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-centrifuges, ezisenokungafumaneki lula kuzo zonke iilabhoratri. Ukongeza, le ndlela ayifanelekanga ukwahlula amasuntswana anobukhulu obufanayo kodwa anobunzima obufanayo kuba awanakwahlulwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, i-centrifugation ngamanye amaxesha inokungenisa uxinzelelo lwe-shear olunokutshintsha ukuthembeka kweesampuli ezithile zebhayoloji, oluchaphazela ukuchaneka kweziphumo zokugqibela.

Isiphelo

I-Centrifugation yindlela enamandla yokwahlulahlula eye yaguqula iinkqubo zelebhu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi. Amandla ayo okwahlula ngokukhawuleza izinto ezithile kwimixube enzima avule amathuba amaninzi okuqhubela phambili uphando kunye nezicelo zoshishino. Ukususela kwi-biochemistry kunye nokuxilongwa kweklinikhi ukuya kuhlalutyo lokutya kunye nokusingqongileyo, i-centrifugation iyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukuqonda kwethu ihlabathi lendalo kunye nokuphucula ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.