i-centrifugation ihlukanisa kanjani igazi

Enye yezindlela eziyisisekelo emkhakheni wocwaningo lwezokwelapha kanye nokuxilongwa kwezokwelapha i-centrifugation. Le nqubo ihilela ukujikisa amasampula ngesivinini esikhulu ukuze kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo okuhlukahlukene. I-centrifugation ibaluleke kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlukanisa izingxenye ezithile egazini. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi amasu e-centrifugation asetshenziswa kanjani ukuhlukanisa igazi libe yizingxenye zalo ezahlukahlukene, njenge-plasma, ama-platelet, namaseli egazi abomvu namhlophe. Sizohlola izimiso ezingemuva kwe-centrifugation, izinhlobo ze-centrifuge ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwale ndlela ezindaweni zezokwelapha nezocwaningo.

I. Isingeniso

Igazi liyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu eyenza imisebenzi ebalulekile njengokuthuthwa komoya-mpilo, impendulo yomzimba, kanye nokususwa kwemfucuza. Liqukethe izingxenye eziningana, okuhlanganisa i-plasma, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi (ama-RBC), amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (ama-WBC), nama-platelet. Ngezinjongo ezahlukene zokuxilonga nokucwaninga, kuba nesidingo sokuhlukanisa lezi zingxenye ukuze uzifunde ngazinye, uhlaziye izakhiwo zazo, noma uzisebenzisele ukungenelela okuthile kwezokwelapha.

II. Izimiso Zoku-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation isebenzisa izimiso ze-sedimentation kanye ne-density gradient ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zegazi. Uma isampula ijikeleziswa ngesivinini esiphezulu ku-centrifuge, izinhlayiya ezixineneyo ziya ngasemngceleni, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezingaxinene kakhulu zihlangana ziye enkabeni yesampula. Umphumela wamandla e-centrifugal uvumela ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi ngokusekelwe ekuxineni kwazo, lapho izinhlayiya ezisindayo zihamba ziye phansi noma zakha i-pellet.

III. Izinhlobo ze-Centrifuge

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-centrifuge asetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa kwegazi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-tabletop centrifuge, ama-microcentrifuge, ama-ultracentrifuge, kanye nama-centrifuge aqandisiwe. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezici zalo ezithile, isivinini, kanye namandla. Ama-tabletop centrifuge avame ukusetshenziswa emalabhorethri emitholampilo njengoba enikeza ibhalansi phakathi kwamakhono esivinini esikhulu kanye nomthamo wevolumu yesampula.

IV. Ukulungiswa kwamasampula egazi

Ngaphambi kokufaka i-centrifuge, kubalulekile ukulungiselela amasampula egazi ngendlela efanele ukuqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa okunembile kwezingxenye. Igazi livame ukuqoqwa kusetshenziswa ama-anticoagulant ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi. Isampula bese ixutshwa ngokucophelela bese idluliselwa kumashubhu e-centrifuge afanele, kuqikelelwe ukuthi angafaki noma yimaphi amabhamuza omoya. Amashubhu e-centrifuge avale ngokuphephile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza futhi afakwa ku-centrifuge rotor ngendlela elinganiselayo.

V. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezingxenye Ze-Plasma Nezeselula

Ngesikhathi sokuxuba igazi, izingxenye zegazi ziyahlukana zibe yizingqimba ezihlukene ngaphakathi kwamapayipi e-centrifuge. I-Plasma, ingxenye yegazi ephuzi ewuketshezi, ikhuphukela phezulu njengoba iyiyona ingxenye encane kakhulu. Lolu ngqimba lukhishwa ngokucophelela kusetshenziswa i-pipette noma amadivayisi athile okuhlukanisa i-plasma. Izingxenye ezisele zamaseli, okuhlanganisa ama-RBC, ama-WBC, nama-platelet, zakha i-pellet phansi kwepayipi.

VI. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamaseli Egazi Abomvu Namhlophe

Ngemva kokuhlukanisa i-plasma, i-pellet equkethe ama-RBC, ama-WBC, nama-platelet kumele icutshungulwe kabanzi ukuze kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ngazinye. I-pellet iphinde ixhunywe kancane esixazululweni esifanele esibizwa ngokuthi isixazululo sokuwasha. Lesi sinyathelo sihilela ukwengeza i-buffer bese uxuba ngobumnene ukuze i-pellet imiswe ngokulinganayo. Amasampula abe esefakwa emijikelezweni elandelayo ye-centrifugation ukuze kuhlukaniswe ama-RBC nama-WBC.

VII. Ukusebenzisa i-Centrifugation Ukuhlukanisa Ama-Platelet

Ama-platelet, abalulekile ekuqhekekeni nasekupholiseni amanxeba, angatholakala ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukulungiswa kwe-plasma ecebile ngama-platelet (PRP). Ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezithile zokuhlukanisa i-centrifugation, i-PRP ingahlukaniswa futhi iqoqwe kusuka kungqimba lwe-plasma. I-PRP isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinqubweni ezahlukene zezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kwamathambo, ukuphola amanxeba, kanye ne-dermatology.

VIII. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Centrifugation Ezindaweni Zezokwelapha Nocwaningo

I-Centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekile emalabhorethri ezokwelapha nawocwaningo. Ngaphezu kokuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlukaniseni ama-organelle angaphansi kweseli, ekuhlanzeni amaprotheni, nasekufundeni ukusebenzisana kwamaseli. I-Centrifugation ithola nezicelo ekuhlanzeni amagciwane kanye nezinhlayiya ezincane, ekuhlolweni kwamaseli, kanye nasekucwaningweni kwemithi.

Ekuphetheni, i-centrifugation iyindlela ebalulekile yokuhlukanisa izingxenye zegazi nokuzifunda ngazinye. Ngokusebenzisa izimiso ze-sedimentation kanye ne-density gradient, izingxenye ezahlukene njenge-plasma, ama-RBC, ama-WBC, nama-platelet zingahlukaniswa ngempumelelo. Ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-centrifuge kuye kwaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokuxilonga kwezokwelapha kanye nocwaningo. Ngobubanzi bayo bezicelo, i-centrifugation iyaqhubeka nokwenza kube lula ukuthola izinto ezintsha emkhakheni wezesayensi yezokwelapha.