Yintoni iCentrifuge Separation? - Umenzi weCentrifuge | ZONELINK
Indlela esebenza ngayo i-centrifuge
I-centrifuge ngumatshini osebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukwahlula izinto ezivela kulwelo kunye namasuntswana aqinileyo okanye umxube wolwelo kunye nolwelo. Ii-centrifuge zisetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukwahlula amasuntswana aqinileyo kulwelo oluxutyiweyo; okanye ukwahlula ulwelo olungenamxube olubini olunobunzima obahlukeneyo kwi-emulsions (njengokwahlula ukhilimu kubisi); ingasetyenziselwa nokususa ulwelo kwizinto ezimanzi, njengokomisa impahla emanzi ngomatshini wokuhlamba; abahluli beetyhubhu ezikhethekileyo ze-ultra-speed banokwahlula imixube yegesi yobunzima obahlukeneyo; besebenzisa iimpawu zobunzima obahlukeneyo okanye ubungakanani bamasuntswana amasuntswana aqinileyo kulwelo olunesantya esahlukileyo sokutsalwa, ezinye ii-sedimentation Ii-Centrifuge zinokuhlulahlula amasuntswana aqinileyo ngobuninzi okanye ubungakanani bamasuntswana.
Xa umxube oqulethe amasuntswana amancinci umi, amasuntswana axhonyiweyo atshona kancinci kancinci ngenxa yesenzo sentsimi yomxhuzulane. Okukhona isuntswana isinda, kokukhona itshona ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa isuntswana enobunzima obuncinci kunolwelo iya kudada phezulu. Isantya apho amasuntswana ahamba khona kwintsimi yomxhuzulane sinxulumene nobukhulu, imilo, kunye nobunzima bamasuntswana, kunye namandla entsimi yomxhuzulane kunye nokuqina kolwelo. Amasuntswana anobukhulu beeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezinobubanzi bee-micrometer ezininzi, anokubonwa ukuba ahlala phantsi kobunzima obuqhelekileyo.
Ukongeza, xa into ihleli kwindawo ephakathi, ihamba nemeko yokusasazeka. Ukusasazeka akunamiqathango kwaye akuphelelanga. Ukusasazeka kuhambelana ngokuphambeneyo nobunzima bento, kwaye okukhona amasuntswana amancinci, kokukhona ukusasazeka kusiba nzima. Ukuhla kuhambelana kwaye kunemiqathango, kwaye kufuneka kufakwe amandla angaphandle ukuze kushukume. Ukuhla kuhambelana nobunzima bento, kokukhona isuntswana inkulu, kokukhona ukuhla kukhawuleza. Kwisuntswana ezincinci kunee-microns ezimbalwa, ezifana neentsholongwane okanye iiproteni, zikwimeko ye-colloidal okanye ye-semi-colloidal kwisisombululo, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukubona inkqubo yokuhla kuxhomekeka kuphela kumxhuzulane. Kuba okukhona amasuntswana amancinci, kokukhona ukuhla kuncipha, kwaye kokukhona ukuhla kuhambelana kusiba nzima. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-centrifuge ukuvelisa amandla aqinileyo e-centrifugal ukunyanzela la masuntswana ukuba oyise ukuhla kuhambelana kwaye enze intshukumo yokuhla kuhambelana.
I-Centrifugation kukusebenzisa amandla aqinileyo e-centrifugal aveliswa kukujikeleza okukhawulezayo kwe-centrifuge rotor ukukhawulezisa isantya se-sedimentation yamasuntswana kulwelo, kwaye yahlule izinto ezine-sedimentation coefficients ezahlukeneyo kunye noxinano lwe-buoyancy kwisampuli.
Uguqulo phakathi kwamandla e-centrifugal (g) kunye nesantya sokujikeleza (rpm)
Ifomula yokuguqula phakathi kwamandla e-centrifugal G kunye nesantya sokujikeleza i-RPM yile ilandelayo:
G=1.11×10^(-5)×R×(rpm)^2
Phakathi kwazo, u-G ngamandla e-centrifugal, adla ngokubonakaliswa njenge-multiple ka-g (ukukhawulezisa umxhuzulane).
I-10^(-5) yi-negative fifth power ye-10, isikwere sesantya sokujikeleza (rpm)^2, i-R yiradiyumu, kwaye iyunithi yisentimitha.
Umzekelo, nge-radius ye-centrifugal eyi-10 cm kunye nesantya sokujikeleza se-8000 RPM, amandla e-centrifugal ngala:
G=1.11*10(-5)*10*(8000)2=7104
Oko kukuthi, amandla e-centrifugal yi-7104g.
Kwaye xa amandla e-centrifugal eyi-8000g, isantya sawo sifanele sibe: 8489 malunga ne-8500rpm
Udidi oluphambili
Ukusonga 1. Ngokwexabiso le-Fr factor yokwahlukanisa
IiCentrifuges zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezilandelayo:
1. I-centrifuge yesantya esiqhelekileyo
I-Fr≤3500 (ngesiqhelo yi-600~1200), olu hlobo lwe-centrifuge lunesantya esiphantsi kunye nobubanzi obukhulu.
2. I-centrifuge enesantya esiphezulu
Fr=3500~50000, isantya sokujikeleza sale centrifuge siphezulu, ububanzi besigubhu buncinci ngokubanzi, kwaye ubude bude.
3. I-Ultracentrifuge
Fr>50000, ngenxa yesantya esiphezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-50000r/min), idrama yenziwe ngohlobo oluthambileyo lwetyhubhu.
I-separation factor Fr ibhekisa kumlinganiselo wamandla e-centrifugal wezinto ezikwintsimi yamandla e-centrifugal kubunzima bezinto ezikwintsimi yamandla axhuzulayo.
Ukusonga ezimbini, ngokwendlela yokusebenza
IiCentrifuges zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezilandelayo:
1. I-Gap centrifuge
Iinkqubo zokuyityisa, ukwahlulahlula, ukuhlamba kunye nokukhupha inkunkuma yonke yimisebenzi yokuvala inkunkuma, kwaye iindlela ezenziwe ngesandla, zomxhuzulane okanye zoomatshini zisetyenziselwa ukukhupha inkunkuma, njengee-centrifuges ezinemilenze emithathu kunye neziphezulu.
2. I-centrifuge eqhubekayo
Iinkqubo zokutya, ukwahlula, ukuhlamba kunye nokukhupha inkunkuma zingenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwindawo evulekileyo okanye kwinkqubo eqhubekayo.
3. I-centrifuge ye-Geotechnical
Ukusonga 3. Ngokwendlela yokukhupha i-slag
IiCentrifuges zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezilandelayo:
1. I-centrifuge yokukhupha i-scraper
Le nkqubo ayingqalanga kwaye umsebenzi uyenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo.
2. I-centrifuge ye-piston pusher
Le nkqubo ayiqhubeki kangako kwaye umsebenzi uyazenzekela.
3. I-centrifuge yokukhupha i-Spiral
Inkqubo iyaqhubeka kwaye umsebenzi uyazenzekela.
4. I-centrifuge yokukhupha i-centrifugal
Inkqubo iyaqhubeka kwaye umsebenzi uyazenzekela.
5. I-centrifuge yokukhupha engcangcazelayo
Inkqubo iyaqhubeka kwaye umsebenzi uyazenzekela.
6. I-centrifuge yokukhupha ithambekele
Inkqubo iyaqhubeka kwaye umsebenzi uyazenzekela.
Isine, ngokwendlela esetyenziswa ngayo inkqubo
IiCentrifuge zingahlulwa zibe: ii-filter centrifuge, ii-decanter centrifuge.
Ezintlanu, ngokwendlela yokufakela
Ingahlulwahlulwa ibe yi-vertical, tyaba, i-alkened, i-hanging kunye ne-three-legged.
6. Ngokwemigangatho yesizwe kunye nesabelo semarike
kwezi zine zilandelayo
1. i-centrifuge enemilenze emithathu
2. I-Spiral Centrifuge ethe tye
3. Isahluli seDiski
4. Isahluli seTubular
Ungayithenga njani?
Kukho iimodeli ezininzi kunye neentlobo zee-centrifuges, kwaye ixabiso libiza kakhulu. Xa uthenga, kufuneka ulinganise ngokwemisebenzi. Ngokwesiqhelo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ezi zinto zilandelayo:
(1) Injongo yokucoca, ukuhlaziya okanye ukulungiselela ukucoca;
(2) Uhlobo kunye nobungakanani besampulu, nokuba ziiseli, iintsholongwane, okanye iiproteni, kunye nobungakanani besampulu. Ngokusekelwe kwezi zinto, isigqibo sokuthenga i-analytical okanye i-preparative centrifuge; i-low-speed, high-speed, okanye i-ultra-speed; i-high-volume, i-constant-volume, okanye i-micro-volume centrifuges.
(3) Amandla oqoqosho: Xa imodeli imiselwe, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe umenzi kunye nexabiso. Ixabiso kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso kuyahambelana.
(4) Ezinye iinkcukacha: ezinje ngokuba ingaba ukusebenza kwe-centrifugal kulula na, nokuba ukugcinwa kulula na, nokuba uyilo luphelelwe lixesha na, nokuba ukubonelelwa kwezixhobo ezinxitywayo kulula na, njl.njl.
(5) Ingxaki yokufanisa: akunakwenzeka ukuba i-centrifuge isebenze phantsi kwesantya esiphantsi, isantya esiphezulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu ngaxeshanye. Ngokubanzi, ii-ultracentrifuges zikhawulelwe kwi-ultracentrifugation, azifanelekanga kwi-centrifugation enesantya esiphezulu, okanye i-centrifugation enesantya esiphantsi, kwaye nee-centrifuge ezinesantya esiphezulu azifanelekanga kwi-centrifugation enesantya esiphantsi. Ke ngoko, xa uthenga i-ultracentrifuge, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela i-centrifuge enesantya esiphezulu, kungenjalo inzuzo ayizukusetyenziswa. Ngokubanzi, isantya esiphantsi kunye nesantya esiphezulu zisetyenziswa rhoqo, ngelixa izinga lokusetyenziswa kwe-ultracentrifuges liphantsi. Ii-ultracentrifuges zithengwa kuphela kwiilabhoratri ezisetyenziswa rhoqo okanye eziqwalasela iindawo zoluntu zengingqi.
Emva kokuba imodeli ye-centrifuge igqityiwe, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-centrifugal rotor ekufuneka ikhethwe. Eyona nto iphambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kumthamo wesampulu kunye neemeko ze-centrifugation. Ngokwesiqhelo, kukho i-rotor enye ethe tye kunye ne-rotor enye ye-angular, okanye i-rotor enye enkulu (esantya esiphantsi) kunye ne-rotor enye encinci yesantya esiphezulu nganye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo emsebenzini. Okukhona igqibelele kokukhona kungcono, kokukhona kungcono. Kuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-centrifugal rotors, ezininzi zazo zifana, kwaye ii-rotors zoomatshini abakhawulezayo zibiza kakhulu. Ukuba zonke ziyahambelana, ixabiso liphezulu ngokuphindwe kaninzi kunelo le-centrifuge host, kwaye akufuneki. Ngenxa yesantya se-rotor esahlukileyo, ixabiso liyahluka kakhulu. Ngokuphathelele isantya sokujikeleza, akucetyiswa ukuba ulandele phezulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kodwa kufuneka kubekho i-rotor enesantya sokujikeleza esiphezulu esivunyelwe yi-centrifuge, kungenjalo iya kuba yinkcitho kwi-centrifuge. Iiyunithi ezine-centrifuges ezimbini zinokuqwalasela iimodeli ze-rotor ezongezelelweyo ukuze zonge imali.
Ulawulo lwee-centrifuge, ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo ii-centrifuge eTshayina kangangeminyaka emininzi, zonke iintlobo zee-centrifuge kufuneka zilawulwe kwaye zigcinwe ngabasebenzi abakhethekileyo. Ii-centrifuge eziphezulu neziphezulu zifuna ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa rhoqo. Abasebenzisi kufuneka barekhode imeko yovavanyo kunye neemeko zolondolozo ngokweenkcukacha ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwe-centrifuge. Ii-centrifuge ezinesantya esiphezulu nezisezantsi kulula ukuzisebenzisa, ngoko ungazisebenzisela wedwa emva kokufunda imiyalelo kunye nokuqeqesha iinkqubo zokusebenza kwee-centrifuge. I-ultracentrifuge inesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ezinzima. Ukusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga kunokubangela iingozi. Ingakumbi, i-rotor ye-centrifugal kufuneka igcinwe kwaye isetyenziswe ngononophelo. Ukujonga ukusetyenziswa kwasekhaya kunye nolawulo iminyaka emininzi, ukugcinwa kunye nokusebenza kwesixhobo sisiqinisekiso sokuba isixhobo sikwimeko entle. Abaphathi kunye nabaqhubi kufuneka baqeqeshwe ukuze bangaqhelani nje nokusebenza, kodwa babe nokuqonda isixhobo.
