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Te mahi a te centrifuge
Ko te mīhini whakapūmau he mīhini e whakamahi ana i te kaha whakapūmau hei wehe i ngā wāhanga mai i ngā matūriki wai me ngā matūriki totoka, i te ranunga wai me te wai rānei. Ko te nuinga o ngā mīhini whakapūmau he mea whakamahi hei wehe i ngā matūriki totoka mai i ngā wai e whakatārewatia ana; hei wehe rānei i ngā wai e rua e kore e taea te whakaranu, he rerekē te matotoru o ngā wai i roto i ngā whakapūmau (pēnei i te wehe i te kirīmi mai i te miraka); ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei tango i ngā Wai i roto i ngā matūriki mākū, pērā i te whakamaroke i ngā kākahu mākū ki te mīhini horoi; ka taea hoki e ngā wehewehe ngongo tino tere motuhake te wehe i ngā ranunga hau he rerekē te matotoru; mā te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga o ngā matotoru rerekē, ngā rahi matūriki rānei o ngā matūriki totoka i roto i ngā wai he rerekē te tere whakapūmau, ka taea hoki e ētahi mīhini whakapūmau te whakarōpū i ngā matūriki totoka mā te matotoru, te rahi matūriki rānei.
Ina tū te whakatārewatanga kei roto ngā matūriki angiangi, ka totohu haere ngā matūriki i whakatārewatia nā te mahi a te papa tōpana. Ka tere ake te totohu o te matūriki ina taumaha ake te matūriki, engari ka rere ake te matūriki he iti ake te matotoru i te wai. E pā ana te tere o te neke o ngā matūriki i roto i te papa tōpana ki te rahi, te āhua, me te matotoru o ngā matūriki, tae atu ki te kaha o te papa tōpana me te matotoru o te wai. Ka kitea te noho o ngā matūriki he rite te rahi ki ngā toto toto whero, he maha ngā maikiromita te whānui, i raro i te taumaha noa.
Hei tāpiritanga, ina tau te matū ki roto i te reo, ka haere tahi me te āhuatanga o te horapa. He koretake, he tino pumau hoki te horapa. He rite whakamuri te horapa ki te papatipu o te matū, ā, ki te iti ake ngā matūriki, ka nui ake te kaha o te horapa. He whanaunga, he āhua ā-ture te totohu, ā, me pāngia e te kaha o waho kia neke. He rite te whakatōnga ki te taumaha o te mea, ki te nui ake te matūriki, ka tere ake te whakatōnga. Mō ngā matūriki iti iho i te torutoru maikoroni, pērā i ngā huaketo, ngā pūmua rānei, kei roto rātou i te āhua korori, i te āhua haurua-korori rānei i roto i te wairewa, ā, kāore e taea te tirotiro i te tukanga whakatōnga mā te kaha ā-papa anake. Nā te mea ko te iti ake o ngā matūriki, ka puhoi ake te whakatōnga, ā, ko te kaha ake o te āhuatanga horapa. Nō reira, me whakamahi he centrifuge hei whakaputa i te kaha centrifuge kaha hei akiaki i ēnei matūriki kia hinga i te horapa me te whakaputa i te nekehanga whakatōnga.
Ko te centrifugation he whakamahi i te kaha centrifugal kaha i hangaia e te hurihanga tere-tiketike o te rotor centrifuge hei whakatere i te tere o te whakatōtō o ngā matūriki i roto i te wai, me te wehe i ngā matū he rerekē ngā tauwehenga whakatōtō me ngā kiato puāwai i roto i te tauira.
Te tahuritanga i waenga i te kaha porowhita (g) me te tere hurihuri (rpm)
Ko te tātai tahuritanga i waenga i te kaha whakatere G me te tere hurihuri RPM e whai ake nei:
G=1.11×10^(-5)×R×(rpm)^2
I roto i ēnei, ko G te kaha whakatere, e whakaatuhia ana i te nuinga o te wā hei tauwehenga o g (te whakaterenga o te kaha ā-papa).
Ko te 10^(-5) te mana tuarima kino o te 10, ko te tapawhā o te tere hurihuri (rpm)^2, ko R te pūtoro, ā, ko te waeine ko ngā henimita.
Hei tauira, me te radius centrifugal o te 10 cm me te tere hurihuri o te 8000 RPM, ko te kaha centrifugal ko:
G=1.11*10(-5)*10*(8000)2=7104
Arā, ko te kaha whakaterenga he 7104g.
Ā, ina 8000 karamu te kaha porowhita, ko tōna tere me penei: 8489 e tata ana ki te 8500 rpm
Whakarōpūtanga matua
Te Whakapiko 1. E ai ki te uara wehewehe Fr
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā centrifuge ki ngā momo e whai ake nei:
1. Pūwero tere noa
Fr≤3500 (te tikanga 600~1200), he iti te tere o tēnei momo centrifuge, ā, he nui te diameter.
2. Pūwero tere-teitei
Fr=3500~50000, he teitei te tere hurihuri o tēnei pūwero, he iti te whānui o te pahu, ā, he roa te roa.
3. Pūwhakapūngao-ā-ira
Fr>50000, nā te tere teitei (neke atu i te 50000r/min), kua hangaia te pahu hei momo ngongo angiangi.
Ko te tauwehenga Fr e pā ana ki te ōwehenga o te kaha whakatere o te rauemi i roto i te mara kaha whakatere ki te kaha taumaha o te rauemi i roto i te mara taumaha.
Te whakapiko rua, e ai ki te aratau mahi
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā centrifuge ki ngā momo e whai ake nei:
1. Pūwero āputa
Ko āna tukanga whāngai, wehenga, horoi me te tango paru he mahi āputa katoa, ā, e whakamahia ana ngā tikanga ā-ringa, ā-papa taumaha, ā-mīhini rānei hei tango paru, pērā i ngā mīhini whakatārewatanga waewae-toru me ngā mīhini whakatārewatanga tihi.
2. Te pūwero tonu
Ka taea te whakahaere aunoa i ngā tukanga whāngai, wehenga, horoi me te tango paru i roto i tētahi āputa, i tētahi tukanga tonu rānei.
3. Pūwero ā-whenua
Te Whakapiko 3. E ai ki te tikanga tukunga para
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā centrifuge ki ngā momo e whai ake nei:
1. Te pūwero tango i te kaitahuri
He tukanga ā-korekore tēnei, ā, he aunoa te mahi.
2. Pūwero pana piston
He tukanga tonu-haurua tēnei, ā, he aunoa te mahi.
3. Pūwero tukunga porowhita
He mahi aunoa te tukanga, ā, ka haere tonu.
4. Pūwero tukunga pūwero
He mahi aunoa te tukanga, ā, ka haere tonu.
5. Pūwero tuku wiri
He mahi aunoa te tukanga, ā, ka haere tonu.
6. Te pūwero tango honga
He mahi aunoa te tukanga, ā, ka haere tonu.
Whā, e ai ki te whakamahinga o te tukanga
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā miihini whakapūtāhui ki: ngā miihini tātari, ngā miihini whakapūtāhui ine-wai.
E rima, e ai ki te huarahi tāutanga
Ka taea hoki te wehewehe ki te poutū, te whakapae, te piko, te iri me te waewae-toru.
6. E ai ki ngā paerewa ā-motu me te wāhi mākete
mō ngā whā e whai ake nei
1. pūwero waewae-toru
2. Pūwero Porowhita Whakapae
3. Kaiwhakawehe Kōpae
4. Wehewehe Ngongo
Me pēhea te hoko?
He maha ngā tauira me ngā momo o ngā mīhini whakapūmau, ā, he tino nui te utu. I te wā e hoko ana, me ine koe i runga i te mahi. Ko ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei me whai whakaaro ki te tikanga:
(1) Te kaupapa o te centrifugation, te centrifugation tātari, te centrifugation whakarite rānei;
(2) Te momo me te rahinga o te tauira, ahakoa he pūtau, he huaketo, he pūmua rānei, me te rahi o te tauira. I runga i ēnei āhuatanga, ko te whakatau ki te hoko i tētahi mīhini tātari, mīhini whakarite rānei; he mīhini tere-iti, he mīhini tere-nui, he mīhini tere-rahi rānei; he mīhini rahi-nui, he mīhini pūmau, he mīhini rahi-iti rānei.
(3) Te kaha ōhanga: Ina whakatauhia te tauira, me whai whakaaro ki te kaihanga me te utu. Ka whakatauritea te utu me te mahi a te hua.
(4) Ētahi atu taipitopito: pēnei i te māmā o te mahi porowhita, te watea o te tiaki, te tawhito o te hoahoa, te watea o te tuku o ngā wāhanga mau, me ētahi atu.
(5) Te raruraru ōrite: kāore e taea e te miihini whakapūmau te mahi i raro i te tere iti, te tere teitei me te tere nui rawa i te wā kotahi. I te nuinga o te wā, ko ngā miihini whakapūmau ultra he mea whakawhāiti ki te whakapūmau ultra, kāore e pai mō te whakapūmau tere-tiketike, kāore hoki mō te whakapūmau tere-iti, ā, kāore hoki ngā miihini whakapūmau tere-tiketike e pai mō te whakapūmau tere-iti. Nō reira, i te hoko i tētahi miihini whakapūmau ultra, me whakaaro ki tētahi miihini whakapūmau tere-tiketike, ki te kore, kāore e puta te painga. I te nuinga o te wā, he maha ake te whakamahinga o te tere iti me te tere teitei, engari he iti te tere whakamahinga o ngā miihini whakapūmau ultra. Ka hokona noa ngā miihini whakapūmau ultra i roto i ngā taiwhanga e whakamahia pinepinetia ana, e whakaarohia ana rānei ngā wāhi tūmatanui ā-rohe.
I muri i te whakatau i te tauira o te pūwero, ka whiriwhiria te momo hurihuri pūwero. Ko te mea nui ko te kaha o te tauira me ngā āhuatanga o te pūwero. I te nuinga o te wā, kotahi te hurihuri whakapae me te kotahi te hurihuri koki, kotahi rānei te hurihuri kaha nui (he tere iti) me te kotahi te hurihuri tere-rahi kaha iti hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia rerekē o te mahi. Ko te nui ake o te whakaoti, ko te pai ake. Nā te mea he maha ngā momo hurihuri pūwero, he rite tonu te nuinga, ā, he tino utu nui ngā hurihuri o ngā mīhini tere nui. Mena ka ōrite katoa, he maha ngā wā teitei ake te utu i tērā o te ope pūwero, ā, kāore e tika ana. Nā te rerekētanga o te tere o te hurihuri, he rerekē rawa te utu. Mō te tere hurihuri, kāore e tika kia whai i te tere teitei rawa atu, engari me whai i tētahi hurihuri me te tere hurihuri teitei rawa atu e whakaaetia ana e te pūwero, ki te kore ka maumauria mō te pūwero. Ka taea e ngā waeine me ngā pūwero e rua te whakaaro ki ngā tauira hurihuri tautoko hei penapena moni.
Te whakahaere i ngā centrifuge, e ai ki te whakamahinga o ngā centrifuge i Haina mō ngā tau maha, me whakahaere me te tiaki i ngā momo centrifuge katoa e ngā kaimahi motuhake. Me tirotiro me te tiaki auau ngā centrifuge teitei me ngā ultra-centrifuge. Me tuhi e ngā kaiwhakamahi te āhua whakamātautau me ngā āhuatanga tiaki kia pai ai te whakamahinga o te centrifuge. He ngāwari te whakahaere i ngā centrifuge tere teitei me te tere iti, nō reira ka taea e koe te whakamahi i a koe anō i muri i te pānui i ngā tohutohu me te whakangungu i ngā tikanga whakahaere o ngā centrifuge. He uaua te hanganga o te ultra-centrifuge me ngā tikanga mahi uaua. He ngāwari te whakamahi hē ki ngā aituā. Ina koa, me tiaki me te whakamahi pai te rotor centrifuge. Mai i te whakamahinga me te whakahaere ā-whare mō ngā tau maha, ko te tiaki me te whakahaere i te taputapu te taurangi kei te pai te āhua o te taputapu. Me whakangungu te kaiwhakahaere me ngā kaiwhakahaere kia mōhio ai rātou ki te mahi, kia mārama ai hoki ki te taputapu.
