Yintoni eyahlula i-centrifugation
I-Centrifugation: Yahlula ntoni?
Intshayelelo kwiCentrifugation
I-Centrifugation yindlela enamandla esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi, kuquka ibhayoloji, ikhemistri, kunye nezonyango. Njengoko igama layo lisitsho, i-centrifugation ibandakanya ukujikeleza kweesampuli ngesantya esiphezulu. Olu jikelezo ludala amandla e-centrifugal anokwahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo zomxube ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo okanye ubungakanani bazo. Ngokusebenzisa imigaqo ye-centrifugation, izazinzulu zinokwahlula kwaye zicoce ngempumelelo izinto ekujoliswe kuzo kwimixube enzima. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola iziseko ze-centrifugation kwaye sixoxe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokuzahlula.
Ukwahlula iinxalenye zegazi: Amandla e-Centrifugation
Enye yezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zokusebenzisa i-centrifugation kukwahlulwa kwezakhi zegazi. Igazi lenziwe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ii-erythrocytes), iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-leukocytes), iiplatelets, kunye ne-plasma. Ukuze kufunyanwe izakhi ezithile zeenjongo zokuxilonga okanye zonyango, i-centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ngokujikelezisa igazi kwi-centrifuge ekhethekileyo, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezixineneyo zifakwa ezantsi, zenze umaleko owaziwa ngokuba yi-hematocrit. Ngaphezulu komaleko we-hematocrit, kuvela i-buffy coat, equka iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets. Ekugqibeleni, i-plasma, icandelo lolwelo legazi, lihlala kumaleko ophezulu. Olu hluko luvumela ukwahlulwa kwezakhi zegazi ezahlukeneyo ukuze kuhlalutywe okanye kuqhutyekwe phambili.
Ukwahlulahlula ii-centrifugation: Ukwahlula ii-organelles zeSeli
Ii-organelles zeseli zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiiseli ezenza imisebenzi ethile. Izazinzulu zihlala zifuna ukwahlula nokufundisisa ezi organelles ukuze ziqonde ngcono iinkqubo zeseli. I-differential centrifugation yindlela esebenzisa ubuninzi obahlukeneyo bee-organelles ukuze zahlule. Ngokufaka ii-homogenates zeseli okanye i-extracts kuthotho lwamanyathelo e-centrifugation ngesantya esahlukileyo, ii-organelles zinokwahlulwa zibe zii-fractions ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, i-centrifugation yokuqala ngesantya esiphantsi isusa izakhiwo zeseli ezinkulu, njenge-nuclei kunye ne-debris. Ukuqhuba okulandelayo ngesantya esiphezulu kunokutsala i-mitochondria, i-endoplasmic reticulum, okanye i-lysosomes kwii-fractions ezahlukeneyo. Le ndlela ivumela abaphandi ukuba bafunde ii-organelles nganye kunye nemisebenzi yazo.
Ukwahlula i-DNA nge-Centrifugation: Indlela yoVuselelo
Kwicandelo lebhayoloji yeemolekyuli, ukwahlulwa kwe-DNA linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwiimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo okanye uhlalutyo. I-Centrifugation itshintshe inkqubo yokukhupha i-DNA, okwenza ukuba isebenze kakuhle kwaye isebenzise ixesha. Kule ndlela, umxube oqulethe i-DNA, iiproteni, kunye nezinye izinto zeseli ufakwa kwi-centrifugation. Ekubeni i-DNA iyimolekyuli ende, efana nomsonto, iphuma ngaphandle kwesisombululo ngokulula kunezinye izinto xa kusetyenziswa amandla e-centrifugal. Ngokulawula ngononophelo iimeko ze-centrifugal, izazinzulu zinokufumana i-DNA ecocekileyo enokusetyenziswa kwizifundo ze-genetic, ulandelelwano, okanye ezinye iindlela ze-molecular.
Ukwahlula iiSeli: Indima yeDensity Gradient Centrifugation
I-Centrifugation isebenzisa i-density gradient media ivumela ukwahlukana kwezixhobo ezinobunzima obufanayo kodwa ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Ngokwenza i-medium ene-density gradient (ephezulu ezantsi nasezantsi phezulu), izazinzulu zinokubona ukufuduka kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo njengoko zifikelela kwiindawo zazo zokulingana ngokusekelwe kubunzima. Umzekelo, xa zisetyenziswa kumxube weeproteni kwi-density gradient, iiproteni ezinzima ziya kutshona ziye ezantsi, ngelixa ezikhaphukhaphu ziya kudada ziye phezulu. Le ndlela iluncedo kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni ii-lipoprotein kwizifundo ze-cholesterol okanye ukwahlula iintsholongwane.
Isiphelo:
I-Centrifugation yindlela eguquguqukayo enezicelo ezininzi kuphando lwesayensi kunye nokuxilongwa kwezonyango. Ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo zelebhu, ivumela izazinzulu ukuba zahlule izinto ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo okanye ubungakanani bazo. Ukusuka ekuhlukaniseni iinxalenye zegazi ukuya ekuhlukaniseni ii-organelles zeseli kunye ne-DNA, i-centrifugation iyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukuqonda kwesayensi kunye nokuphucula iindlela zonyango. Ngokusebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal force, abaphandi banokuzahlula kwaye bacoce iinxalenye ekujoliswe kuzo ngokufanelekileyo, bevula indlela yokufumana izinto ezintsha kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.
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