magawo awiri a magazi omwe amalekanitsidwa panthawi ya centrifugation

Chiyambi

Magazi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu, lomwe limanyamula mpweya, zakudya, mahomoni, ndi zinyalala kupita ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana ndi minofu. Lili ndi plasma, maselo ofiira a magazi (RBC), maselo oyera a magazi (WBC), ndi ma platelet. Komabe, kudzera mu njira yotchedwa centrifugation, magazi amatha kugawidwa m'zigawo zosiyana. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za zigawo ziwiri zazikulu za magazi zomwe zimalekanitsidwa panthawi ya centrifugation kuti zimvetse ntchito zake, kufunika kwake, komanso momwe zingagwiritsidwire ntchito.

Kumvetsetsa Centrifugation

Kugawanitsa magazi ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal kulekanitsa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za chitsanzo cha madzi kutengera kuchuluka kwawo. Pankhani ya magazi, kugawanitsa magazi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa zigawo za maselo ndi gawo lamadzi (plasma). Kulekanitsa kumeneku n'kotheka chifukwa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za magazi zimakhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana.

Plasma: Golide Wamadzimadzi

Plasma ndi gawo lamadzimadzi m'magazi ndipo limawerengera pafupifupi 55% ya kuchuluka kwake konse. Ndi madzi achikasu omwe ali ndi madzi, ma electrolyte, mapuloteni, mahomoni, ma enzyme, ndi zinyalala. Plasma imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri yonyamula zinthu zofunika monga michere, mahomoni, ndi zinyalala m'thupi lonse. Imagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusunga bwino acid-base m'thupi komanso kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Maselo Ofiira a Magazi: Onyamula Oxygen

Maselo ofiira a m'magazi, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma erythrocyte, ndi omwe ali ndi maselo ambiri m'magazi, omwe amapanga pafupifupi 45% ya kuchuluka kwake konse. Ndiwo omwe amanyamula mpweya kuchokera m'mapapo kupita ku minofu ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana ndikubweretsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide m'mapapo kuti uchotsedwe. Mphamvu yodabwitsa iyi yonyamula mpweya imachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa puloteni yotchedwa hemoglobin mkati mwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi. Hemoglobin imalumikizana ndi mpweya m'mapapo ndikuutulutsa m'maselo omwe mpweya umafunika kwambiri.

Maselo Oyera a M'magazi: Oteteza Chitetezo cha Mthupi

Maselo oyera a m'magazi, kapena ma leukocyte, amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri poteteza thupi ku matenda ndi matenda. Ngakhale kuti amapanga gawo laling'ono chabe la kuchuluka kwa magazi (osakwana 1%), kufunika kwawo sikungachepetsedwe. Ma WBC ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri, omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga ma neutrophils, ma lymphocytes, ma monocytes, ma eosinophils, ndi ma basophils. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ntchito zake zokhudzana ndi chitetezo chamthupi, monga kumenyana ndi mabakiteriya, mavairasi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi zinthu zina zakunja zomwe zimalowa m'thupi.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala a Centrifugation

Kuyeza magazi m'magazi (centrifugation) kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo azachipatala pofuna kudziwa matenda ndi kuchiza. Mwa kugawa magazi m'zigawo zake, akatswiri azaumoyo amatha kuwunika magawo osiyanasiyana kuti adziwe thanzi lonse ndikuzindikira matenda osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kusanthula plasma kungapereke chidziwitso chokhudza momwe impso ndi chiwindi zimagwirira ntchito, mbiri ya lipid, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, ndi zina zambiri. Kufufuza zigawo za maselo, makamaka maselo oyera amagazi (WBCs), kungapereke chidziwitso chofunikira pakupezeka kwa matenda kapena zolakwika m'thupi.

Kupereka Zigawo za Magazi

Kulekanitsa magawo a magazi kudzera mu centrifugation ndikofunikira kwambiri m'malo operekera magazi. Magazi athunthu nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kuchokera kwa opereka magazi, omwe amagawidwa m'zigawo zake kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito bwino. Mwa kulekanitsa maselo ofiira a m'magazi, plasma, ndi ma platelet, gawo lililonse limatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana zachipatala. Mwachitsanzo, maselo ofiira a m'magazi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, pomwe plasma imagwiritsidwa ntchito poika magazi, kupanga zinthu zotsekeka magazi, komanso kupereka albumin. Ma platelet ndi ofunikira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kutuluka magazi kapena omwe akulandira chithandizo cha chemotherapy.

Tsogolo la Kulekanitsa Zigawo za Magazi

Kupita patsogolo kosalekeza mu ukadaulo wa centrifugation kukuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndi kukula kwa kulekanitsa magawo a magazi. Ofufuza akufufuza njira zatsopano zopititsira patsogolo njira yolekanitsira, kupeza zigawo zapamwamba, komanso kupanga mapulogalamu atsopano. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kuli ndi tanthauzo lalikulu m'magawo a mankhwala obwezeretsa, kupeza mankhwala, ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo chaumwini, pomwe zigawo zoyeretsedwa zamagazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza.

Pomaliza, kugawa magazi m'magazi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yolekanitsira magawo a magazi. Mwa kugawa magazi m'magazi ndi zigawo za maselo, monga maselo ofiira ndi oyera, akatswiri azaumoyo amatha kuwunika magawo osiyanasiyana, kupeza matenda, ndikuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana. Kulekanitsa magawo a magazi kwathandiza kupita patsogolo kwachipatala ndipo kukupitilizabe kukhala njira yofunika kwambiri m'malo azachipatala, malo operekera magazi, ndi malo ofufuzira padziko lonse lapansi.