yiziphi izingxenye ezimbili zegazi ezihlukaniswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-centrifugation

Isingeniso

Igazi liyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu, lithwala umoya-mpilo, izakhamzimba, amahomoni, kanye nemikhiqizo engcolile ezithweni nasezicutshini ezahlukahlukene. Lihlanganisa i-plasma, amaseli abomvu egazi (ama-RBC), amaseli amhlophe egazi (ama-WBC), kanye nama-platelet. Kodwa-ke, ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-centrifugation, igazi lingahlukaniswa libe izingxenye ezihlukile. Lesi sihloko sihlola izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zegazi ezihlukaniswa ngesikhathi se-centrifugation ukuze siqonde imisebenzi yazo, ukubaluleka kwazo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona.

Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation inqubo esebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zesampula yoketshezi ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo. Endabeni yegazi, i-centrifugation isetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zamaseli nengxenye yoketshezi (i-plasma). Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kungenzeka ngoba izingxenye ezahlukene zegazi zinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.

I-Plasma: Igolide Eliwuketshezi

I-plasma yakha ingxenye yoketshezi egazini futhi ihlanganisa cishe u-55% womthamo wayo wonke. Iwuketshezi oluphuzi oluqukethe amanzi, ama-electrolyte, amaprotheni, ama-hormone, ama-enzyme, kanye nemikhiqizo yokungcola. I-plasma isebenza njengendawo ebalulekile yokuthutha, ethwala izinto ezibalulekile njengezakhamzimba, ama-hormone, kanye nemikhiqizo yokungcola emzimbeni wonke. Iphinde idlale indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi ye-acid-base yomzimba kanye nokulawula umfutho wegazi.

Amaseli Egazi Abomvu: Abathwali Be-Oxygen

Amaseli abomvu egazi, aziwa nangokuthi ama-erythrocyte, ayizingxenye eziningi kakhulu zamaseli egazini, aqukethe cishe u-45% womthamo wawo wonke. Anesibopho sokuthutha umoya-mpilo usuka emaphashini uye ezicutshini nasezithweni ezahlukahlukene kanye nokubuyisela i-carbon dioxide emaphashini ukuze isuswe. Lo mthamo omangalisayo wokuthwala umoya-mpilo ubangelwa kakhulu ukuba khona kwephrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin ngaphakathi kwama-RBC. I-hemoglobin ibopha umoya-mpilo emaphashini bese iyikhipha ezicutshini lapho isidingo somoya-mpilo siphezulu khona.

Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi: Abaqaphi Besistimu Yokuzivikela Emzimbeni

Amaseli amhlophe egazi, noma ama-leukocyte, adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni umzimba ezifweni nasezifweni. Nakuba akha ingxenye encane kuphela yenani legazi eliphelele (ngaphansi kuka-1%), ukubaluleka kwawo akunakuncishiswa. Ama-WBC ahlukene kakhulu, aqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukene ezifana nama-neutrophils, ama-lymphocyte, ama-monocyte, ama-eosinophils, nama-basophils. Uhlobo ngalunye lunemisebenzi ethile ehlobene nokuzivikela komzimba, njengokulwa namagciwane, amagciwane, amagciwane, nezinye izinto zangaphandle ezingena emzimbeni.

Izicelo Zemitholampilo Zoku-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zezokwelapha ngezinjongo zokuxilonga nokwelapha. Ngokuhlukanisa igazi ngezingxenye zalo, ochwepheshe bezempilo bangahlola imingcele eyahlukene ukuze banqume impilo iyonke futhi bahlole izimo ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ukuhlaziya i-plasma kunganikeza ulwazi mayelana nokusebenza kwezinso nesibindi, amaphrofayili e-lipid, amazinga ama-hormone, nokuningi. Ukuhlola izingxenye zamaseli, ikakhulukazi ama-WBC, kunganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngokuba khona kwezifo noma ukukhubazeka ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba.

Ukunikela Ngezingxenye Zegazi

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi ngokusebenzisa i-centrifugation kubalulekile ezindaweni zokunikela ngegazi. Igazi eliphelele livame ukuqoqwa kubanikeli, bese lihlukaniswa libe yizingxenye zalo ukuze kusetshenziswe kakhulu. Ngokuhlukanisa ama-RBC, i-plasma, nama-platelet, ingxenye ngayinye ingafeza izidingo ezahlukene zezokwelapha. Isibonelo, ama-RBC avame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-anemia, kuyilapho i-plasma isetshenziselwa ukumpontshelwa igazi, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezivala igazi, kanye nokuphathwa kwe-albumin. Ama-platelet abalulekile ezigulini ezinezinkinga zokopha noma ezithola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

Ikusasa Lokuhlukaniswa Kwezingxenye Zegazi

Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe be-centrifugation kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokukhula kokuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi. Abacwaningi bahlola izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa inqubo yokuhlukaniswa, ukuthola izingxenye zekhwalithi ephezulu, kanye nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha. Lokhu kuthuthuka kunemiphumela ebalulekile emikhakheni yezokwelapha kabusha, ukutholakala kwemithi, kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo komuntu siqu, lapho izingxenye zegazi ezihlanziwe zingasetshenziswa khona ukungenelela kokwelapha.

Ekuphetheni, i-centrifugation iyinqubo ebalulekile yokuhlukanisa izingxenye zegazi. Ngokuhlukanisa igazi libe izingxenye ze-plasma kanye nezingxenye zamaseli, njengamaseli egazi abomvu namhlophe, ochwepheshe bezempilo bangahlola imingcele ehlukene, benze ukuxilongwa, futhi baphathe ngempumelelo izimo ezahlukahlukene. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi kuye kwavumela intuthuko yezokwelapha futhi kuyaqhubeka nokuba yindlela eyisisekelo ezindaweni zezokwelapha, ezikhungweni zokunikela ngegazi, kanye nasezilabhorethri zocwaningo emhlabeni jikelele.