ndi ma organelle ati omwe amalekanitsidwa mu centrifugation iliyonse

Kutsegula Malo Obisika a Organelles: Kuwulula Dziko Lobisika la Organelles

Chiyambi:

Kugawa ma centrifugation ndi njira yamphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana asayansi, zomwe zimathandiza kulekanitsa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za maselo. Mu dziko losangalatsa la sayansi ya maselo, ma organelles amachita ntchito zofunika kwambiri ndipo kumvetsetsa ntchito zawo ndikofunikira. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza njira yosangalatsa yogawa ma centrifugation ndikuwulula ma organelles omwe angalekanitsidwe bwino pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi.

1. Kumvetsetsa Centrifugation:

Kusuntha kwa centrifugation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kusuntha kwa centrifugation kulekanitsa zigawo za chisakanizo kutengera kuchuluka kwawo. Mwa kuyika chisakanizocho pa kuzungulira kwachangu mkati mwa centrifuge, tinthu tolemera timasunthira pansi, ndikupanga pellet, pomwe tinthu topepuka timatsalira mu supernatant. Kulekanitsidwa kumeneku kumathandiza asayansi kudzipatula ndikuphunzira zigawo zomwe zimawakhudza.

2. Mphamvu ya Kusiyanitsa kwa Kuzungulira:

Kusiyanitsa kwa ma centrifugation ndi njira yodziwika bwino yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa ma organelle kutengera kuchuluka kwa sedimentation. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma spins angapo othamanga pang'ono komanso othamanga kwambiri, njira iyi imalola kuti ma organelle osiyanasiyana azitha kugawidwa motsatizana, kutengera kuchuluka kwawo. Mwanjira imeneyi, chisakanizo chovuta chingagawidwe m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chokhala ndi ma organelle enaake.

2.1 Nuclei ndi Mitochondria mu Kuzungulira Koyamba:

Kutsegula koyambirira kwa centrifugation pa liwiro lotsika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa ma organelle akuluakulu monga ma nuclei ndi mitochondria. Ma organelle awa ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu ndipo amatha kudontha pa liwiro lochepa. Pambuyo pozungulira koyamba, supernatant imakhala ndi gawo la cytoplasmic, pomwe pellet imakhala ndi ma nuclei ndi mitochondria.

2.2 Endoplasmic Reticulum ndi Golgi Apparatus mu Second Spin:

Supernatant yomwe imapezeka pambuyo pa kuzungulira koyamba, komwe kuli gawo la cytoplasmic, imatha kuzungulira mwachangu kwambiri kuti ipange endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ndi chipangizo cha Golgi. Ma organelle awa, omwe amayang'anira kupanga mapuloteni, kusanja, ndi kunyamula, ali ndi kuchuluka kwapakati. Chifukwa chake, amalekanitsidwa mu gawo lachiwiri ili la centrifugation.

3. Kupatula Lysosomes ndi Peroxisomes:

Ma lysosome ndi ma peroxisome, ofunikira kwambiri pakuwononga ma macromolecules ndi kuchotsa poizoni m'zinthu zovulaza, motsatana, ndi ma organelle awiri ofunikira omwe amafunikira njira zinazake zolekanitsira.

3.1 Kuchuluka kwa Ma Gradient Centrifugation a Lysosomes:

Pofuna kupatula ma lysosome, kugwiritsa ntchito ma density gradient centrifugation nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kupanga ma gradient of optimizations, ndi density solution pansi ndipo yopepuka kwambiri pamwamba. Pamene chisakanizo chokhala ndi ma lysosomes chikuyikidwa pakati, ma organelles awa amapita ku dera lawo la density mkati mwa gradient, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asiyane ndi zigawo zina.

3.2 Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ma centrifugation a Peroxisomes:

Chifukwa cha kufanana kwa kuchulukana pakati pa peroxisomes ndi organelles ena, njira zina zimafunika kuti zisiyanitsidwe. Ultracentrifugation, pogwiritsa ntchito liwiro lalikulu kwambiri, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulekanitsa peroxisomes ndi zosakaniza zina zonse. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusiyana pang'ono kwa kuchulukana, peroxisomes imatha kuchotsedwa mwachisawawa, zomwe zimathandiza kuphunzira ndi kusanthula kwawo.

4. Malingaliro ndi Kupita Patsogolo kwa Mtsogolo:

Pamene ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo, kupita patsogolo kwatsopano mu njira zogwiritsira ntchito ma centrifugation kumawonjezera kumvetsetsa kwathu ma organelles ndi ntchito zawo. Kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa pogwiritsa ntchito isopycnic density gradient centrifugation ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nanotechnology kwathandizira kwambiri pakugawa kwa ma organelle molondola komanso moyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zida zamphamvu zofufuzira za biology ya maselo.

Mapeto:

Kugawa maselo m'maselo (centrifugation) kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka maselo ovuta mwa kulola kulekanitsidwa kwa ma organelles. Kuyambira ma nuclei mpaka mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum mpaka golgi apparatus, lysosomes mpaka peroxisomes, organelles iliyonse ili ndi ntchito ndi njira zapadera. Njira zogawa maselo m'maselo, pamodzi ndi njira zatsopano, zimathandiza asayansi kufufuza mozama dziko lovuta la maselo, ndikutsegula zinsinsi zobisika mkati mwa ma organelles awo.