cov organelles twg raug cais tawm hauv txhua qhov centrifugation
Centrifugation: Qhib Qhov Chaw Zais Cia ntawm Organelles
Kev Taw Qhia:
Kev siv centrifugation yog ib txoj kev siv zog heev uas siv rau ntau yam kev tshawb fawb, uas ua rau muaj kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm lub cev. Hauv lub ntiaj teb zoo kawg nkaus ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog lub cev, cov organelles ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab kev nkag siab txog lawv cov haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Tsab xov xwm no tshawb nrhiav txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv centrifugation thiab qhia txog cov organelles uas tuaj yeem sib cais tau zoo siv cov txheej txheem no.
1. Nkag Siab Txog Kev Siv Centrifugation:
Kev centrifugation yog ib qho txheej txheem uas siv lub zog ntawm centrifugal acceleration los cais cov khoom sib xyaw raws li lawv qhov ceev. Los ntawm kev muab cov khoom sib xyaw rau hauv kev sib hloov ceev hauv lub centrifuge, cov khoom hnyav dua yuav txav mus rau hauv qab, tsim cov pellet, thaum cov khoom sib xyaw sib dua tseem nyob hauv supernatant. Qhov kev sib cais no ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb cais thiab kawm txog cov khoom sib xyaw uas lawv xav tau.
2. Lub Hwj Chim ntawm Kev Sib Txawv Centrifugation:
Kev sib txawv centrifugation yog ib txoj kev siv ntau los cais cov organelles raws li lawv cov nqi sedimentation. Los ntawm kev siv ntau qhov kev sib hloov ceev qis thiab ceev ceev, cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau kev cais ntawm ntau yam organelles sib law liag, raws li lawv qhov ceev. Txoj kev no, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem faib ua cov khoom sib txawv, txhua tus nplua nuj nrog cov organelles tshwj xeeb.
2.1 Cov Nuclei thiab Mitochondria hauv Thawj Qhov Tig:
Kev pib centrifugation ntawm qhov ceev qis dua yog siv los cais cov organelles loj dua xws li nuclei thiab mitochondria. Cov organelles no muaj qhov ceev dua thiab muaj peev xwm tso cov av ntawm qhov ceev qeeb dua. Tom qab thawj zaug tig, cov supernatant muaj cov cytoplasmic fraction, thaum lub pellet muaj nuclei thiab mitochondria.
2.2 Endoplasmic Reticulum thiab Golgi Apparatus hauv qhov thib ob tig:
Cov supernatant tau txais tom qab thawj zaug tig, uas muaj cov cytoplasmic fraction, tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm kev tig ceev dua kom pelletize endoplasmic reticulum (ER) thiab Golgi apparatus. Cov organelles no, lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov protein, kev cais tawm, thiab kev thauj mus los, muaj cov qhov ceev nruab nrab. Yog li, lawv raug sib cais hauv kauj ruam thib ob centrifugation no.
3. Cais Lysosomes thiab Peroxisomes:
Lysosomes thiab peroxisomes, tseem ceeb rau kev rhuav tshem cov macromolecules thiab kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom, feem, yog ob lub organelles tseem ceeb uas xav tau cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau kev sib cais.
3.1 Kev Siv Centrifugation Gradient rau Lysosomes:
Yuav kom cais cov lysosomes, feem ntau siv txoj kev centrifugation uas muaj qhov ceev thiab sib zog. Txoj kev no suav nrog kev tsim kom muaj qhov sib zog ntawm qhov ceev uas nce ntxiv, nrog rau cov kua uas muaj qhov ceev tshaj plaws nyob hauv qab thiab qhov sib dua nyob rau sab saum toj. Thaum cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj lysosomes raug centrifuged, cov organelles no txav mus rau lawv thaj chaw ceev tshwj xeeb hauv qhov sib zog, uas tso cai rau lawv sib cais los ntawm lwm cov khoom.
3.2 Ultracentrifugation rau Peroxisomes:
Vim yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm qhov ceev ntawm peroxisomes thiab lwm yam organelles, lwm txoj hauv kev yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lawv cais tawm. Ultracentrifugation, siv qhov ceev heev, tuaj yeem siv los cais peroxisomes ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Los ntawm kev siv qhov sib txawv me me ntawm qhov ceev, peroxisomes tuaj yeem xaiv pelleted, pab txhawb lawv txoj kev kawm thiab kev tshuaj xyuas.
4. Lub Tswv Yim Yav Tom Ntej thiab Kev Nce Qib:
Raws li thev naus laus zis nce qib, cov kev tshawb pom tshiab hauv cov txheej txheem centrifugation txuas ntxiv txhim kho peb txoj kev nkag siab txog organelles thiab lawv cov haujlwm. Cov kev nce qib tsis ntev los no siv isopycnic density gradient centrifugation thiab kev siv nanotechnology tau pab txhawb rau qhov tseeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib cais organelle, ua rau lawv muaj cov cuab yeej muaj zog rau kev tshawb fawb txog cell biology.
Xaus lus:
Kev siv centrifugation ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nkag siab txog cov qauv cellular nyuaj los ntawm kev tso cai rau kev sib cais ntawm cov organelles. Txij li nuclei mus rau mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum mus rau golgi apparatus, lysosomes mus rau peroxisomes, txhua tus ntawm cov organelles no muaj cov haujlwm thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem centrifugation, ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem tshiab, ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb nkag mus tob dua rau hauv lub ntiaj teb nyuaj ntawm cov cell, qhib cov lus zais zais hauv lawv cov organelles.
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