Kodi maziko olekanitsa zosakaniza pogwiritsa ntchito centrifuge ndi ati?

Kutsegula Mitsempha: Kupeza Sayansi Yomwe Imayambitsa Kulekanitsa Zosakaniza

Chiyambi:

Zosakaniza zimapezeka paliponse m'miyoyo yathu ya tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyambira pazinthu zomwe timakumana nazo mpaka zinthu zomwe timadya. M'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kulekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa zosakanizazi ndikofunikira kwambiri popanga zinthu zapamwamba. Njira imodzi yothandiza yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachifukwa ichi ndi centrifugation. Nkhaniyi ifufuza mfundo ndi njira zoyeretsera, pofufuza momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito kulekanitsa zosakaniza m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Sayansi Yokhudza Kuzungulira kwa Mitsempha

Kutembenuza mphamvu, mwa njira yosavuta, kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe chozungulira mofulumira kuti chilekanitse zinthu zomwe zili ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Mphamvu ya centrifugal yomwe imapezeka panthawi yozungulira imapangitsa kuti zigawo zokhuthala zisunthire kunja, kuzilekanitsa ndi zinthu zopepuka. Mfundo yofunikayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti pakhale kusiyana m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuyambira mankhwala mpaka kuyeretsa madzi akumwa.

Mitundu ndi Zigawo za Centrifuges

Ma centrifuge amabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, iliyonse yokonzedwa kuti igwirizane ndi zosowa zake. Mitundu itatu yayikulu ndi iyi: yothamanga pang'ono, yothamanga kwambiri, ndi yothamanga kwambiri. Ma centrifuge achangu pang'ono amagwira ntchito pa liwiro lofika 6,000 rpm (rpm) ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma laboratories azachipatala pa ntchito zachizolowezi. Koma ma centrifuge achangu kwambiri amatha kufika pa liwiro lofika 20,000 rpm ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma laboratories ofufuza pazinthu zovuta kwambiri zolekanitsa. Ma ultracentrifuge ndi amphamvu kwambiri, omwe amafika pa liwiro lodabwitsa loposa 100,000 rpm, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri tisiyanitsidwe.

Mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wake, ma centrifuge nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zigawo zitatu zofunika: rotor, mota, ndi makina owongolera. Rotor imasunga machubu oyesera ndipo imazungulira mofulumira kwambiri, ndikupanga mphamvu ya centrifugal. Motor imafulumizitsa ndikuchepetsa liwiro la rotor, pomwe makina owongolera amalola kusintha nthawi, liwiro, ndi kutentha.

Kutsegula Centrifugation mu Kafukufuku Wachipatala

Mu kafukufuku wa zamankhwala, kugawa magazi m'magazi kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulekanitsa zigawo zamagazi ndikusonkhanitsa mamolekyulu amtengo wapatali. Ntchito imodzi yofunika kwambiri ndi kuchotsa madzi a m'magazi kapena seramu kuchokera m'magazi athunthu. Pambuyo posonkhanitsa, magazi amaikidwa mu centrifuge ndikuzunguliridwa pa liwiro ndi nthawi inayake. Maselo ofiira amagazi okhuthala amakhala pansi, pomwe plasma yocheperako imasonkhana pamwambapa. Kulekanitsa kumeneku kumalola asayansi kusanthula zigawo zosiyanasiyana, monga mapuloteni, ma enzyme, mahomoni, ndi majini, kuthandiza pakuwunika matenda, kupanga mankhwala, ndi kufufuza matenda.

Mapulogalamu a Mafakitale

Kugawa zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito centrifuge kumakhala ndi malo ake m'magawo angapo a mafakitale, kukwaniritsa zosowa za aliyense payekhapayekha. Mu makampani azakudya, ma centrifuge amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa zinthu zolimba ndi zamadzimadzi, komanso kuyeretsa madzi, mafuta, ndi vinyo. Mwa kulekanitsa zinthu zodetsa zosafunikira, ma centrifuge awa amathandizira kuti zinthu zikhale bwino komanso zoyera.

Kuphatikiza apo, mafakitale oyeretsera madzi otayira amagwiritsa ntchito ma centrifuge kulekanitsa magawo olimba ndi amadzimadzi panthawi yoyeretsa. Ma centrifuge amachotsa bwino zinthu zolimba zomwe zapachikidwa, matope, ndi zinyalala, kuonetsetsa kuti madziwo ndi otetezeka kuti agwiritsidwenso ntchito kapena kutayidwa. Mofananamo, centrifuge imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga migodi pochotsa madzi, ndikubwezeretsa mchere wamtengo wapatali bwino.

Kukonzekera ndi Kusamalira Ma Centrifuge

Kuti muwonetsetse zotsatira zolondola komanso zogwirizana, kukonzekera bwino ndi kusamalira nthawi zonse ma centrifuge ndikofunikira. Choyamba, rotor iyenera kukhala yolinganizidwa, ndi machubu oyesera okonzedwa mofanana. Kusalingana kungayambitse kugwedezeka, phokoso, komanso kuwonongeka kwa centrifuge. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyeza ndi kuyeretsa nthawi zonse ma rotor, zivindikiro, ndi chipinda ndikofunikira kuti zigwire bwino ntchito ndikupewa kuipitsidwa.

Mapeto:

Kugawa zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito centrifugation kumagwira ntchito ngati njira yopatulira kugawa zinthu zosakaniza m'mafakitale ambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za mphamvu ya centrifugal, zinthu zomwe zili ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana zimatha kugawidwa bwino, ndikutsegula kuthekera kwawo kwenikweni. Kuyambira kafukufuku wazachipatala mpaka ntchito zamafakitale, kusinthasintha kwa centrifugation kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chida chamtengo wapatali chopezera zinthu zabwino komanso zoyera. Kudzera mukumvetsetsa bwino sayansi yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa njira iyi komanso kukonza nthawi zonse, asayansi ndi mafakitale amatha kupitiliza kukankhira malire a sayansi yogawa zinthu ndikuyambitsa zatsopano.