siyini isisekelo sokuhlukanisa izingxube kusetshenziswa i-centrifuge

I-Centrifugation: Ukwembula Isayensi Engemuva Kokuhlukanisa Izingxube

Isingeniso:

Izingxube zitholakala yonke indawo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, kusukela ezintweni esihlangana nazo kuya ezintweni esizisebenzisayo. Ezimbonini ezahlukene, ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlanzwa kwalezi zingxube kubalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu. Enye indlela ephumelelayo esetshenziswa kule njongo i-centrifugation. Lesi sihloko sizohlola izimiso kanye nezindlela ze-centrifugation, sihlole ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani ukuhlukanisa izingxube kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.

Isayensi Ebangela Ukushintshashintsha Kwe-Centrifugation

I-Centrifugation, ngendlela yayo elula, ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwesitsha esijikelezayo ngokushesha ukuhlukanisa izinto ezinobukhulu obuhlukene. Amandla e-centrifugal akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokujikeleza abangela ukuthi izingxenye ezixineneyo zithuthele ngaphandle, zihlukanise nezinto ezilula. Lesi simiso esiyisisekelo sisetshenziswa ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa ezimbonini ezahlukene, kusukela kwezemithi kuya ekuphathweni kwamanzi angcolile.

Izinhlobo Nezingxenye Ze-Centrifuges

Ama-centrifuge afika ngemiklamo eyahlukene, ngayinye iklanyelwe izidingo ezithile. Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko yilezi - ama-low speed, ama-high speed, kanye nama-ultracentrifuge. Ama-centrifuge aphansi asebenza ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-6,000 revolutions ngomzuzu (rpm) futhi avame ukusetshenziswa emalabhorethri emitholampilo ukuze kusetshenziswe njalo. Ama-centrifuge ashesha kakhulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-20,000 rpm futhi asetshenziswa emalabhorethri ocwaningo ngezinqubo zokuhlukanisa eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ama-ultracentrifuge anamandla kakhulu, afinyelela isivinini esimangalisayo esingaphezu kuka-100,000 rpm, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa ngisho nezinhlayiya ezinhle kakhulu.

Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo, ama-centrifuge ngokuvamile aqukethe izingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile: i-rotor, i-motor, kanye nohlelo lokulawula. I-rotor ibamba amashubhu esampula futhi ijikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu, ikhiqiza amandla e-centrifugal. I-motor iyasheshisa futhi yehlise i-rotor, kuyilapho uhlelo lokulawula luvumela ukulungiswa kwesikhathi, isivinini, kanye nezilungiselelo zokushisa.

I-Centrifugation kuCwaningo Lwezokwelapha

Ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha, i-centrifugation idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni izingxenye zegazi nokuvuna ama-biomolecule abalulekile. Ukusetshenziswa okuvelele ukukhipha i-plasma noma i-serum egazini lonke. Ngemva kokuqoqwa, igazi lifakwa ku-centrifuge bese liphothwa ngesivinini nesikhathi esithile. Amaseli abomvu egazi aminyene kakhulu ahlala phansi, kuyilapho i-plasma encane kakhulu iqoqana ngenhla. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuvumela ososayensi ukuthi bahlaziye izingxenye ezahlukahlukene, njengeprotheni, ama-enzyme, ama-hormone, nezinto zofuzo, okusiza ekuxilongweni, ekuthuthukisweni kwemithi, kanye nasekucwaningweni kwezifo.

Izicelo Zezimboni

I-Centrifugation ithola indawo yayo emikhakheni eminingana yezimboni, ihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zomunye nomunye. Embonini yokudla, ama-centrifuge asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa okuqinile koketshezi, kanye nokuhlanza amajusi, uwoyela, kanye newayini. Ngokuhlukanisa ukungcola okungafuneki, la ma-centrifuge athuthukisa ikhwalithi nobumsulwa bemikhiqizo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi amdaka zisebenzisa ama-centrifuge ukuhlukanisa izigaba eziqinile neziwuketshezi ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokucacisa. Ama-centrifuge asusa ngempumelelo izinto eziqinile ezilengayo, udaka, kanye nokungcola, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi aphephile ukusetshenziswa kabusha noma ukukhishwa. Ngokufanayo, i-centrifuge isetshenziswa embonini yezimayini ngezinjongo zokususa amanzi, okubuyisa amaminerali ayigugu ngempumelelo enkulu.

Ukulungiswa Nokugcinwa Kwe-Centrifuge

Ukuqinisekisa imiphumela enembile nehambisanayo, ukulungiselela okufanele kanye nokugcinwa njalo kwama-centrifuge kubalulekile. Okokuqala, i-rotor kumele ilinganiswe, amashubhu esampula ahlelwe ngokulinganayo. Ukungalingani kungaholela ekudlidlizeni, emsindweni, ngisho nasekulimaleni kwe-centrifuge. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulinganisa njalo kanye nokuhlanzwa kwama-rotor, izivalo, kanye negumbi kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi kuvinjelwe ukungcola.

Isiphetho:

I-Centrifugation isebenza njengendlela eyisisekelo yokuhlukanisa izingxube ezimbonini eziningi. Ngokusebenzisa izimiso zamandla e-centrifugal, izinto ezinobukhulu obuhlukene zingahlukaniswa ngempumelelo, zivule amandla azo angempela. Kusukela ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni, ukuguquguquka kwe-centrifugation kwenza kube ithuluzi elibalulekile lokufeza imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu nehlanzekile. Ngokuqonda kahle isayensi engemuva kwale ndlela kanye nokugcinwa njalo, ososayensi nezimboni bangaqhubeka nokucindezela imingcele yesayensi yokuhlukanisa futhi bashayele phambili ukusungula izinto ezintsha.