he aha ke ʻano o ka mea hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi centrifuge

Nā Mea i Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Centrifuge: He Mana no ka Hoʻokaʻawale Kūpono

Hoʻolauna i ka Centrifugation a me kāna mau noi

ʻO ke centrifugation kahi ʻenehana i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kaʻina hana ʻepekema a me nā ʻoihana like ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea ma muli o ko lākou nui a me ko lākou nui. Hilinaʻi kēia ʻano hana ikaika i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikaika centrifugal, i hana ʻia e ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka laʻana ma nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻokō i ka hoʻokaʻawale pono. Mai nā laʻana olaola i loko o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua a hiki i ka hana ʻoihana o nā huahana like ʻole, loaʻa nā centrifuges i nā noi ma nā ʻano kahua like ʻole. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i nā ʻano mea hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi centrifuge a me ko lākou koʻikoʻi ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole.

Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā cell a me nā ʻāpana

ʻO kekahi o nā noi nui o ka centrifugation ʻo ia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā cell a me nā ʻāpana. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa o ka nui a me ka nui, ʻae ka centrifugation i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana kikoʻī mai nā laʻana paʻakikī. No ka laʻana, i loko o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā centrifuges e hoʻokaʻawale a aʻo i nā cell koko. Ke milo ʻia kahi laʻana koko i loko o kahi centrifuge i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, noho nā cell koko ʻulaʻula kaumaha ma lalo ʻoiai e noho ana ka plasma māmā ma luna, e hoʻomaʻalahi ana i ka nānā hou aku.

Pēlā nō, i ka noiʻi microbiology, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka centrifugation i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā moʻomeheu maʻemaʻe o ka bacteria a me ka hū. Ma ka hoʻomalu pono ʻana i ka wikiwiki a me ka lōʻihi o ka centrifugation, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau microorganism mai nā mea hoʻopuni, e kōkua ana i ke aʻo ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻano, metabolism, a me nā ʻano ulu.

Ka hoʻokaʻawale pololei ʻana o ka DNA a me ka RNA

He mea nui ka centrifugation i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā waikawa nucleic, e like me ka DNA a me ka RNA, mai nā laʻana olaola. Pono pinepine kēia mau mea genetic e unuhi ʻia i ko lākou ʻano maʻemaʻe loa no nā noi like ʻole, me ka noiʻi genetic a me nā kumu diagnostic. ʻO nā ʻano hana centrifugation, e like me ka density gradient centrifugation, e ʻae i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā waikawa nucleic mai nā ʻāpana cell ʻē aʻe, e like me nā protein a me nā lipids.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka hāpana olaola ma luna o kahi medium density gradient, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi hopena sucrose a cesium chloride paha, a me ka centrifuging me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe. I ka wā o ka centrifugation, neʻe nā waikawa nucleic ma o ka density gradient a hiki i kahi ʻāpana me kahi density kikoʻī e kūlike me kā lākou iho. ʻO kēia ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale pololei e hiki ai ke unuhi ʻia ka DNA maʻemaʻe a me ka RNA no nā noi ma hope e like me PCR, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka genetic, a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka gene.

Nā Biomolecules Hoʻomaʻemaʻe

He mea koʻikoʻi ka centrifugation no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā biomolecules like ʻole, me nā protein a me nā enzymes. I loko o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua biochemistry a me biotechnology, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano centrifuges like ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kēia mau molekala paʻakikī. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ko lākou mau waiwai like ʻole, e like me ka nui, ke ʻano, a me ka density, hoʻopau pono nā ʻenehana centrifugation i nā haumia a hoʻohui i ka biomolecule i makemake ʻia.

ʻO ka Ultracentrifugation, kahi ʻenehana ikaika e hoʻohana ana i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe loa, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ke ʻano o nā protein. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, ua hoʻokau ʻia nā laʻana i nā ikaika he mau tausani manawa ikaika aʻe ma mua o ka umekaumaha o ka Honua, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale pololei ʻana o nā ʻāpana protein like ʻole. Hiki i kēia i nā mea noiʻi ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā protein kikoʻī a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​hui protein hoihoi, e hoʻomaʻalahi ana i nā haʻawina hohonu o kā lākou mau ʻano molekala a me nā hana.

Nā Noi ʻOihana o ka Centrifugation

Ma waho aʻe o ka noiʻi ʻepekema, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka centrifugation i nā kaʻina hana he nui. I ka ʻoihana meaʻai a me ka mea inu, hoʻohana ʻia nā centrifuges e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea paʻa mai nā wai, hoʻohuihui i nā wai huaʻai, hoʻomālamalama i ka waina, a hoʻomālamalama i nā aila, ma waena o nā noi ʻē aʻe. Ma ka wehe ʻana i nā mea haumia, e like me nā mea paʻa, nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​pūnaewele microbial i makemake ʻole ʻia, kōkua nā centrifuges i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a hoʻonui i ka hua.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau i ka centrifugation no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me nā kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wā o ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau pale. Hoʻohana ʻia nā centrifuges i ka unuhi ʻana i nā mea hana mai nā mea kanu, ka ʻohi ʻana i ka moʻomeheu cell, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka protein, a me ka hana ʻana i ka lāʻau pale.

Hopena:

He ʻano hana maʻalahi ka centrifugation e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale pololei ʻana o nā mea like ʻole e pili ana i ko lākou nui a me ko lākou nui. Mai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana koko i loko o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua lapaʻau a hiki i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā protein no ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau, he mau mea hana pono ʻole nā ​​centrifuges i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. I ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻano centrifugation i ka ulu a hāʻawi i nā holomua ma nā ʻano ʻepekema, ʻoihana, a me nā ʻoihana lapaʻau.