isetshenziswa kanjani i-centrifugation ukuhlukanisa igazi

I-Centrifugation: Indlela Enamandla Yokuhlukanisa Izingxenye Zegazi

Isingeniso:

Igazi liwuketshezi olubalulekile oludlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni imisebenzi eyahlukene yomzimba emzimbeni womuntu. Liqukethe izingxenye ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi (ama-RBC), amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (ama-WBC), ama-platelet, kanye ne-plasma. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe kufundwa lezi zingxenye noma kulungiselelwe imikhiqizo ethile yegazi ngezinjongo zokwelapha, kubalulekile ukuzihlukanisa ngempumelelo. Enye indlela esetshenziswa kabanzi kule njongo i-centrifugation. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi i-centrifugation isetshenziswa kanjani ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zegazi kanye nokubaluleka kwayo emikhakheni eyahlukene.

I. Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation:

I-Centrifugation iyindlela yelabhorethri esebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukuhlukanisa izinto ezinobukhulu obuhlukene ngaphakathi kwengxube. Kuhilela ukubeka ingxube ku-centrifuge, umshini ojikeleza isampula ngokushesha, okwenza izingxenye ezixineneyo zithuthele phansi kwepayipi ngokusebenzisa i-sedimentation. Le nqubo ivumela ukuhlukaniswa nokuqoqwa kwezingxenye ngazinye ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo nobukhulu bazo.

II. Isimiso Esiyisisekelo Sokuhlukaniswa Kwegazi:

I-Centrifugation isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthola izingxenye ezahlukene zegazi, njengoba ingxenye ngayinye inobuningi obuhlukile. Ngokufaka igazi ngaphansi kwamandla e-centrifugal, izingxenye ezahlukene ziyahlukana zibe izendlalelo ezihlukile ezingakhishwa kalula. Nazi izinyathelo ezihilelekile ekuhlukanisweni kwegazi nge-centrifugation:

1. Ukuqoqwa Kwesampula Yegazi:

Kuqoqwa inani elifanele legazi esigulini kusetshenziswa amasu okubulala amagciwane. Igazi libe selidluliselwa emapayipini akhethekile aklanyelwe ukucubungula igazi.

2. Ukulungiswa Kwesampula:

Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukujiya kwegazi, kufakwa i-anticoagulant epayipini eliqukethe isampula yegazi. I-anticoagulant iqinisekisa ukuthi igazi lihlala lisesimweni soketshezi ngesikhathi senqubo ye-centrifugation.

3. Inqubo Yokucisha Ugesi:

Isampula yegazi elilungisiwe lifakwa ku-centrifuge bese liphothwa ngesivinini esikhulu. I-centrifuge isebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal, okwenza izingxenye zihlukane ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obuhlukahlukene. Ama-RBC, njengoba esinda kakhulu, ahlala phansi, alandelwe ama-WBC nama-platelet, kuyilapho i-plasma ihlala phezulu.

III. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamaseli Egazi Abomvu:

Amaseli abomvu egazi (ama-RBC) ayizingxenye eziningi kakhulu zegazi, abangela ukuthuthwa komoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke. Ukuhlukanisa ama-RBC egazini lonke kubalulekile ezinqubweni ezahlukene zezokwelapha, njengokumpontshelwa igazi kanye nokulungiselela imikhiqizo ethile yegazi. Ukwehlukanisa ama-RBC ngempumelelo kusebenzisa ubuningi bawo.

1. Ukuqoqwa Kwe-RBC-Rich Layer:

Ngemva kokuba inqubo ye-centrifugation isiqediwe, ama-RBC aqoqana phansi kwepayipi, akha ungqimba olubomvu oluhlukile. Lolu ngqimba luqoqwa ngokucophelela kusetshenziswa indlela ye-pipette noma ye-aspiration.

2. Ukugeza ama-RBC:

Ama-RBC aqoqiwe agezwa ngesisombululo sikasawoti ukuze kususwe noma yikuphi ukungcola okusele noma okungafuneki ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokuphephile ocwaningweni olwengeziwe noma ngezinjongo zomtholampilo.

IV. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Plasma:

I-plasma yingxenye yegazi ephuzi ngokukhanyayo, ewuketshezi equkethe amaprotheni ahlukahlukene, ama-hormone, ama-electrolyte, namanye ama-molecule abalulekile. Ukuhlukanisa i-plasma egazini lonke kubalulekile ekuxilongeni izifo, ekuqapheni imithi yokwelapha, nasekulungiseleleni imikhiqizo yegazi efana nokumpontshelwa igazi.

1. Ukuqoqwa Kwesendlalelo Se-Plasma:

Ngemva kokufakwa kwe-centrifugation, ungqimba lwe-plasma luvela ngaphezu kwama-RBC apakishiwe. Luqoqwa ngokucophelela kusetshenziswa i-pipette noma indlela efanayo, ukuqinisekisa ukungcola okuncane noma ukuphazamiseka.

2. Ukuvimbela ukujiya kwe-Plasma:

Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukujiya kwe-plasma ngesikhathi sokugcina, kufakwa ama-anticoagulants afana ne-citrate noma i-heparin. Lawa makhemikhali agcina isimo soketshezi futhi alondoloze ubuqotho bezingxenye ze-plasma.

V. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Centrifugation Ezimweni Zemitholampilo Nezocwaningo:

I-Centrifugation isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene yokuhlukanisa izingxenye zegazi. Nazi izindlela ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo zokusebenzisa:

1. Ukugcinwa Kwegazi kanye Nemithi Yokumpompela:

I-Centrifugation isetshenziswa emabhange egazi ukuhlukanisa nokulungisa izingxenye ezifana nama-RBC ahlanganisiwe, ama-platelet concentrates, kanye ne-plasma eqandisiwe entsha. Lokhu kubalulekile ekumpompelweni igazi, lapho iziguli zithola khona imikhiqizo ethile yegazi ngokusekelwe esimweni sazo sezokwelapha.

2. I-Hematology kanye neKhemistri Yezokwelapha:

I-Centrifugation iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuxilonga elebhu, okusiza ekutholeni nasekulinganisweni kwezingxenye ezahlukene zegazi. Ivumela ukutholakala kwamaseli angajwayelekile, ukuhlaziywa kwe-serum, kanye nokuhlolwa kwama-biomarker athile.

3. Ucwaningo Nentuthuko:

I-Centrifugation isetshenziswa kabanzi ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha ukuze kuhlolwe izici ezahlukahlukene zezingxenye zegazi. Ivumela ososayensi ukuthi batadishe isimo seseli, bahlukanise amangqamuzana athile athakazelisayo, futhi bahlaziye ukwakheka kwe-plasma.

Isiphetho:

I-Centrifugation iyindlela enamandla futhi eguquguqukayo esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni izingxenye zegazi. Amandla ayo okusebenzisa umehluko wobuningi avumela ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kwamaseli abomvu egazi, i-plasma, nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwale ndlela kuthinta kakhulu ukuxilongwa kwezokwelapha, ukugcinwa kwegazi, kanye nezindawo eziningi zocwaningo. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, i-centrifugation iyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuqonda kwethu igazi nezingxenye zalo kanye nokwenza lula izinqubo zezokwelapha ezisindisa impilo.