Imveliso yobungcali yokwahlulahlula i-centrifuge kunye nomenzi woomatshini bamayeza - iZonelink

isetyenziswa njani i-centrifugation ukwahlula igazi

2023-08-15

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I-Centrifugation: Indlela Enamandla Yokwahlula Izakhi Zegazi

Intshayelelo:

Igazi lulwelo olubalulekileyo oludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomzimba emzimbeni womntu. Liqulathe izinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ii-RBC), iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-WBC), iiplatelets, kunye neplasma. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ezi zinto okanye ulungiselele iimveliso ezithile zegazi ngeenjongo zonyango, kuyimfuneko ukuzihlukanisa ngokufanelekileyo. Enye indlela esetyenziswa kakhulu kule njongo yi-centrifugation. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola indlela i-centrifugation esetyenziswa ngayo ukwahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo zegazi kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.

I. Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation:

I-Centrifugation yindlela yelebhu esebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukwahlula izinto ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo ngaphakathi komxube. Ibandakanya ukubeka umxube kwi-centrifuge, umatshini ojikeleza isampuli ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izinto ezinobunzima zifudukele ezantsi kwetyhubhu nge-sedimentation. Le nkqubo ivumela ukwahlulwa kunye nokuqokelelwa kwezinto ngazinye ngokusekelwe kubunzima bazo kunye nobukhulu bazo.

II. Umgaqo-siseko weCentrifugation ekwahlulweni kwegazi:

I-Centrifugation isetyenziswa kakhulu ukufumana iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zegazi, njengoko icandelo ngalinye linobunzima obahlukileyo. Ngokufaka igazi kumandla e-centrifugal, iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zahlukana zibe ziingqimba ezahlukeneyo ezinokukhutshwa ngokulula. Nazi iindlela ezibandakanyekayo ekwahlulweni kwegazi nge-centrifugation:

1. Ukuqokelelwa kweSampuli yeGazi:

Kuqokelelwa umthamo wegazi ofanelekileyo kwisigulana kusetyenziswa iindlela zokucoca igazi. Emva koko igazi lidluliselwa kwiityhubhu ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukujikelezisa igazi.

2. Ukulungiswa kweSampuli:

Ukuthintela ukujiya kwegazi, kongezwa i-anticoagulant kwityhubhu equlethe isampuli yegazi. I-anticoagulant iqinisekisa ukuba igazi lihlala likwimeko yolwelo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-centrifugation.

3. Inkqubo yokususa i-Centrifugation:

Isampuli yegazi elungisiweyo ifakwa kwi-centrifuge kwaye ijikelezwe ngesantya esiphezulu. I-centrifuge isebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izinto zahlulwe ngenxa yobuninzi bazo obahlukeneyo. Ii-RBC, ezizezona zinzima, zihlala ezantsi, zilandelwa zii-WBC kunye neeplatelets, ngelixa i-plasma ihlala phezulu.

III. Ukwahlulwa kweeseli zegazi ezibomvu:

Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ii-RBC) zezona zinto zininzi egazini, ezinoxanduva lokuthuthwa kweoksijini emzimbeni wonke. Ukwahlula ii-RBC kwigazi elipheleleyo kubalulekile kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango, ezinje ngokutofelwa igazi kunye nokulungiswa kweemveliso ezithile zegazi. Ukucoca igazi kwahlula ii-RBC ngempumelelo ngokusebenzisa ubuninzi bazo.

1. Ingqokelela ye-RBC-Rich Layer:

Emva kokuba inkqubo yokucoca i-centrifugation igqityiwe, ii-RBC ziyaqokelelana ezantsi kombhobho, zenze umaleko obomvu owahlukileyo. Olu maleko luqokelelwa ngononophelo kusetyenziswa indlela ye-pipette okanye i-aspiration.

2. Ukuhlamba ii-RBC:

Ii-RBC eziqokelelweyo zihlanjwa ngesisombululo se-saline ukususa nayiphi na i-plasma eseleyo okanye izinto ezingafunekiyo ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo kuphando olongezelelweyo okanye kwiinjongo zonyango.

IV. Ukwahlulwa kwePlasma:

I-plasma yinxalenye yolwelo olutyheli olukhanyayo egazini equlethe iiproteni ezahlukeneyo, iihomoni, ii-electrolytes, kunye nezinye iimolekyuli ezibalulekileyo. Ukwahlula i-plasma kwigazi elipheleleyo kubalulekile ekuxilongeni izifo, ukujonga amayeza okunyanga, kunye nokulungiselela iimveliso zegazi ezifana notofelo-gazi.

1. Ingqokelela yoMaleko wePlasma:

Emva kokufakwa kwe-centrifugation, umaleko we-plasma uvela ngaphezulu kwee-RBC ezipakishiweyo. Uqokelelwa ngononophelo kusetyenziswa i-pipette okanye indlela efanayo, ukuqinisekisa ungcoliseko oluncinci okanye ukuphazamiseka.

2. Ukuthintela ukujiya kwegazi kwiPlasma:

Ukuthintela ukujiya kweplasma ngexesha lokugcinwa, kongezwa izinto ezilwa nokujiya kwegazi ezifana ne-citrate okanye i-heparin. Ezi khemikhali zigcina imeko yolwelo kwaye zigcina ukuthembeka kweenxalenye zeplasma.

V. Ukusetyenziswa kweCentrifugation kwiindawo zeKliniki nezoPhando:

I-Centrifugation isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokwahlulahlula iinxalenye zegazi. Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziphawulekayo zokusebenzisa:

1. Ugcino lwegazi kunye nonyango lotofelo-gazi:

I-Centrifugation isetyenziswa kwiibhanki zegazi ukwahlula nokulungisa izinto ezifana nee-RBC ezipakishiweyo, ii-platelet concentrates, kunye ne-plasma eqandisiweyo entsha. Ezi zibalulekile ekutofelweni igazi, apho izigulane zifumana iimveliso ezithile zegazi ngokusekelwe kwimeko yazo yempilo.

2. I-Hematology kunye neKhemistri yeKlinikhi:

I-Centrifugation yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuxilongwa kwelebhu, inceda ekuchongeni nasekulinganiseni iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zegazi. Ivumela ukufunyanwa kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga, uhlalutyo lwe-serum, kunye novavanyo lwee-biomarkers ezithile.

3. Uphando noPhuhliso:

I-Centrifugation isetyenziswa kakhulu kuphando lwe-biomedical ukuphanda iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezakhi zegazi. Ivumela izazinzulu ukuba zifunde imo yeeseli, zahlule iiseli ezithile ezinomdla, kwaye zihlalutye ukwakheka kweplasma.

Isiphelo:

I-Centrifugation yindlela enamandla neguquguqukayo esetyenziswa kakhulu ekwahlukaniseni iinxalenye zegazi. Amandla ayo okusebenzisa umahluko kubuninzi avumela ukwahlulwa okusebenzayo kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, i-plasma, kunye nezinye iinxalenye ezibalulekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwale ndlela kuchaphazela kakhulu ukuxilongwa kwezonyango, ukugcinwa kwegazi, kunye neendawo ezininzi zophando. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili, i-centrifugation iyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukuqonda kwethu igazi kunye neenxalenye zalo kunye nokwenza lula iinkqubo zonyango ezisindisa ubomi.