magazi akamayendetsedwa m'njira ya centrifuge ndipo zigawo zake zimapatukana

Pamene Magazi Aikidwa Pakati Ndipo Zigawo Zake Zikasiyana

Chiyambi:

Magazi ndi madzi ovuta m'thupi lathu omwe amagwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo. Amapangidwa ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ma platelet, ndi plasma. Komabe, nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kulekanitsa zigawozi kuti zidziwike kapena kuchiza. Njira imodzi yothandiza kwambiri komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa izi ndi centrifugation. Centrifugation ya magazi imalola kulekanitsa ndi kusanthula zigawo zake mwanjira yowongoka. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza njira yochepetsera magazi ndi momwe zigawo zake zimagawikirana, komanso kufunika kwa njira imeneyi m'njira zosiyanasiyana zachipatala.

I. Kumvetsetsa Centrifugation:

Kutsegula magazi m'magazi ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya sedimentation, pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timapita pansi motsogozedwa ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma laboratories kuti tilekanitse zinthu kutengera kuchuluka ndi kukula kwake. Zikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magazi, zigawo zomwe zili mkati mwake zimatha kulekanitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusanthula kwina.

II. Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Centrifugation:

Kugawa magazi m'magazi kumafuna njira zingapo kuti magazi atuluke bwino komanso molondola:

A. Kusonkhanitsa Zitsanzo za Magazi:

Poyamba, magazi ochepa amatengedwa kuchokera kwa wodwalayo pogwiritsa ntchito singano ndi sirinji. Magaziwo amatengedwa mosamala mu chubu chosonkhanitsira kapena mtsuko wapadera wosonkhanitsira magazi, kuonetsetsa kuti palibe zodetsa zakunja zomwe zimalowetsedwa.

B. Kukonzekera kwa Centrifugation:

Akasonkhanitsa magazi, chitsanzo cha magazi chimakonzedwa kuti chitsimikizire kuti magaziwo alekanitsidwa bwino panthawi yogawa magazi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezera mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana kuti magazi asaundane komanso kusakaniza magazi mosamala kuti magaziwo agawidwe mofanana.

C. Kuyika Centrifuge:

Pambuyo pokonzekera, chitsanzo cha magazi chimayikidwa m'machubu apadera omwe amapangidwira kuti azitha kusuntha. Machubu awa amakhala olinganizidwa kuti apewe kusokonezeka kulikonse panthawiyi ndipo nthawi zambiri amaikidwa m'magulu kuti azitha kunyamula zitsanzo zingapo nthawi imodzi.

D. Liwiro la Centrifugation ndi Nthawi:

Liwiro ndi nthawi ya centrifugation zimadalira zofunikira zenizeni za kusanthula. Liwiro lokwera limagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa zigawo zokhuthala monga maselo ofiira a magazi, pomwe liwiro lotsika lingakhale lokwanira kulekanitsa plasma ndi zigawo zina.

E. Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu Yozungulira:

Pamene centrifuge ikuyamba, imazungulira mofulumira machubu a magazi mozungulira. Mphamvu ya centrifugal yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha zimenezi imakankhira zigawo zokhuthala pansi pa machubu, ndikupanga zigawo zosiyana.

III. Kulekanitsa Zigawo:

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito centrifugation imalola kulekanitsa zigawo za magazi kutengera kuchuluka kwawo, ndipo gawo lililonse limakhala pamalo enaake mkati mwa chubu:

A. Gawo Lapansi: Maselo Ofiira a M'magazi (RBCs)

Popeza ndi gawo lochuluka kwambiri la magazi, maselo ofiira amagazi amakhala pansi pa chubu panthawi yozungulira. Chigawochi chimakhala chokhuthala ndipo chimawoneka chofiira kwambiri. Maselo ofiira amagazi ndi omwe amachititsa kuti mpweya uyendetsedwe m'thupi lonse.

B. Gawo Lapakati: Chovala Chokongola

Pamwamba pa wosanjikiza wa maselo ofiira a magazi, pali wosanjikiza woonda wapakati wotchedwa buffy coat. Buffy coat ili ndi maselo oyera a magazi, ma platelet, ndi zinyalala zina za maselo. Kulekanitsa buffy coat ndikofunikira kwambiri pazifukwa zodziwira matenda, chifukwa zimathandiza kusanthula mitundu inayake ya maselo mkati mwake.

C. Gawo Lapamwamba: Plasma

Madzi a m'magazi ndi gawo lapamwamba kwambiri mu magazi oyeretsedwa ndi centrifuge. Madzi a m'magazi ndi madzi achikasu omwe ali ndi madzi, mapuloteni, shuga, ma electrolyte, mahomoni, ndi zinyalala. Amatumikira ngati njira yotumizira zakudya, mahomoni, ndi zinyalala m'thupi lonse.

IV. Kufunika ndi Magwiritsidwe Ntchito:

Kutsegula magazi m'thupi kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zachipatala, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kulekanitsa ndi kusanthula zigawo zinazake. Ntchito zina zofunika ndi izi:

A. Kuzindikira Matenda:

Mwa kupeza ndi kufufuza zigawo zinazake za magazi, akatswiri azachipatala amatha kuzindikira ndi kuzindikira matenda osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kosazolowereka kwa maselo oyera amagazi kungasonyeze matenda, pomwe kuchuluka kwa ma platelet kungasonyeze vuto la kutuluka magazi.

B. Kuika Magazi:

Kutsegula magazi kumathandiza kulekanitsa maselo ofiira a magazi ndi magazi a wopereka magazi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti magaziwo alowe m'magazi mwa wodwala amene akufunika thandizo. Zigawo zina zotsalazo, monga plasma ndi ma platelet, zimathanso kuchotsedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zinazake zoika magazi.

C. Kafukufuku ndi Chitukuko:

Kutsegula magazi m'magazi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza ndi kupanga zinthu zinazake m'magazi kapena kupanga mayeso atsopano ozindikira matenda. Kutha kudzipatula ndikusanthula magawo osiyanasiyana a magazi kumathandiza kumvetsetsa matenda, kupanga njira zochiritsira, komanso kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha zachipatala.

D. Njira Zochiritsira:

Mu njira zina zochiritsira, monga chithandizo cha plasma cholemera mu platelet, centrifugation imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa ndikuyika zigawo zinazake za magazi kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza. Mwachitsanzo, ma platelet amatha kuchotsedwa ndikubayidwa m'malo olumikizirana mafupa kuti athandize kuchiritsa minofu ndikuchepetsa kutupa.

E. Kufufuza za milandu:

Magazi omwe amapezeka pamalo ochitira upandu kapena omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kafukufuku wa zamalamulo amatha kukonzedwa kudzera mu centrifugation kuti adziwe zigawo zinazake, monga DNA, kuti ziwunikidwe. Izi zimathandiza kuzindikira olakwa, kukhazikitsa maulalo, ndikupereka umboni wofunikira pamilandu.

Mapeto:

Kugawa magazi m'magazi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe imalola kulekanitsa ndi kusanthula zigawo zake zosiyanasiyana. Pomvetsetsa njira yogawa magazi m'magazi ndi kufunika kwa kulekanitsa ziwalo, akatswiri azachipatala amatha kupeza matenda molondola, kupanga njira zatsopano zochiritsira, ndikupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha sayansi. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, kugawa magazi m'magazi kukupitilizabe kukhala chida chofunikira kwambiri pankhani ya zamankhwala ndi kafukufuku.