xa igazi lifakwa kwindawo enye kwaye izinto zalo zahlukene
Xa Igazi Lifakwa Kwi-Centrifuge Zize Iinxalenye Zalo Zihlukane
Intshayelelo:
Igazi lulwelo oluntsonkothileyo emizimbeni yethu olunemisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo efunekayo ukuze siphile. Lwenziwe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo, kuquka iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiplatelets, kunye neplasma. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kuba yimfuneko ukwahlula la macandelo ngeenjongo zokuxilonga okanye zonyango. Enye yeendlela ezisebenzayo nezisetyenziswa kakhulu kule njongo yi-centrifugation. Ukuhlukanisa igazi nge-centrifugation kuvumela ukwahlulwa kunye nohlalutyo lwamacandelo alo ngendlela elawulwayo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga inkqubo yokuhlukanisa igazi nge-centrifugation kunye nendlela amacandelo alo ahlukana ngayo, kunye nokubaluleka kwale ndlela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango.
I. Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation:
I-Centrifugation yinkqubo esebenzisa umgaqo we-sedimentation, apho amasuntswana axineneyo ahamba aye ezantsi phantsi kwempembelelo yamandla e-centrifugal. Le ndlela isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiilabhoratri ukwahlula izinto ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo kunye nobukhulu bazo. Xa zisetyenziswa egazini, izinto ezingaphakathi kulo zinokwahlulwa, okuvumela uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo.
II. Inkqubo yeCentrifugation:
Ukucoca igazi nge-centrifugation kubandakanya amanyathelo aliqela okufikelela ekuphuhlisweni kokwahlukana ngokufanelekileyo nangokuchanekileyo:
A. Ukuqokelelwa kweSampuli yeGazi:
Okokuqala, kuqokelelwa igazi elincinci kwisigulana kusetyenziswa inaliti kunye nesirinji. Igazi litsalwa ngononophelo kwityhubhu yokuqokelelwa okanye kwibhotile ekhethekileyo yokuqokelelwa kwegazi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zingcolisi zangaphandle ezifakwayo.
B. Ukulungiselela i-Centrifugation:
Nje ukuba iqokelelwe, isampuli yegazi iyacutshungulwa ukuqinisekisa ukwahlukana okufanelekileyo ngexesha lokufakwa kwe-centrifugation. Oku kubandakanya ukongeza i-anticoagulant ukuthintela ukujiya kwegazi kunye nokuxuba igazi ngononophelo ukuze lisasaze ngokulinganayo i-anticoagulant.
C. Ukulayisha iCentrifuge:
Emva kokulungiswa, isampuli yegazi ifakwa kwiityhubhu ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukujikelezisa igazi. Ezi tyhubhu zilungelelaniswe ukuze kuthintelwe naluphi na ukuphazamiseka ngexesha lenkqubo kwaye zihlala zifakwa kwiiseti ukuze kungene iisampuli ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
D. Isantya kunye nexesha lokuHlaziya i-Centrifugation:
Isantya kunye nobude be-centrifugation kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zohlalutyo. Isantya esiphezulu sisetyenziselwa ukwahlula izinto ezixineneyo ezifana neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ngelixa isantya esiphantsi sinokwanela ukwahlula i-plasma kwezinye izinto.
E. Inkqubo yeCentrifugation:
Xa i-centrifuge iqala, ijikeleza ngokukhawuleza imibhobho yegazi ngendlela ejikelezayo. Amandla e-centrifugal aphumayo atyhala izinto ezixineneyo ziye ezantsi kwemibhobho, zenze iileya ezahlukeneyo.
III. Ukwahlulwa kweMicandelo:
Inkqubo ye-centrifugation ivumela ukwahlulahlula iinxalenye zegazi ngokusekelwe kubuninzi bazo, apho icandelo ngalinye lithatha indawo ethile ngaphakathi kwityhubhu:
A. Umaleko Osezantsi: Iiseli Zegazi Ezibomvu (ii-RBC)
Njengenxalenye yegazi eninzi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zihlala ezantsi kwetyhubhu ngexesha lokujikeleziswa kwegazi. Olu maleko luxinene kwaye lubonakala lubomvu ngokunzulu ngombala. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zinoxanduva lokuthuthwa kweoksijini emzimbeni wonke.
B. Umaleko oPhakathi: Idyasi ethambileyo
Ngaphezulu komaleko weeseli ezibomvu zegazi, umaleko ophakathi obhityileyo owaziwa ngokuba yi-buffy coat unokubonwa. I-buffy coat ineeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiplatelets, kunye nezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo zeeseli. Ukwahlula i-buffy coat kubalulekile kwiinjongo zokuxilonga, njengoko kuvumela uhlalutyo lweentlobo ezithile zeeseli ezikuyo.
C. Umaleko Ophezulu: I-Plasma
Umaleko ophezulu kwisampuli yegazi exutywe nge-centrifuge yiplasma. Iplasma lulwelo olumthubi oluqulathe amanzi, iiproteni, iglucose, ii-electrolytes, iihomoni, kunye neemveliso zokungcola. Isebenza njengendawo yokuthutha izondlo, iihomoni, kunye nokungcola emzimbeni wonke.
IV. Ukubaluleka kunye nezicelo:
Ukucoca igazi kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, okuvumela ukwahlulwa kunye nohlalutyo lwezixhobo ezithile. Ezinye zeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokusetyenziswa ziquka:
A. Ukuchonga Izifo:
Ngokwahlula nokuhlalutya iinxalenye ezithile zegazi, iingcali zonyango zinokufumanisa kwaye zichonge izifo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, amanqanaba angaqhelekanga eeseli ezimhlophe zegazi anokubonisa usulelo, ngelixa inani elandayo leeplatelets linokubonisa ukuphazamiseka kokopha.
B. Utofelo-gazi:
Ukucoca igazi kunceda ukwahlula iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwigazi lomntu onikelayo, nto leyo evumela ukuba zifakwe igazi ngokukhuselekileyo kwisigulana esilifunayo. Izinto eziseleyo, ezifana neplasma kunye neeplatelets, nazo zinokuhlukaniswa kwaye zisetyenziswe kwiinjongo ezithile zokufaka igazi.
C. Uphando noPhuhliso:
I-Centrifugation isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zophando nophuhliso ukuze kufundwe iinxalenye ezithile zegazi okanye kuphuhliswe iimvavanyo ezintsha zokuxilonga. Ukukwazi ukwahlula nokuhlalutya iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zegazi kunceda ekuqondeni izifo, ekuphuhliseni unyango, nasekuphuculeni ulwazi lwezonyango.
D. Iinkqubo zonyango:
Kwiinkqubo ezithile zonyango, ezifana nonyango lwe-plasma olune-platelet-rich, i-centrifugation isetyenziselwa ukwahlula nokugxila kwiindawo ezithile zegazi ukuze kusetyenziswe unyango olujoliswe kulo. Umzekelo, ii-platelets zinokukhutshwa kwaye zifakwe emalungeni ukunceda ekuphilisweni kwezicubu kunye nokunciphisa ukudumba.
E. Uphando lwezobuNgcali:
Igazi elifunyenwe kwiindawo zolwaphulo-mthetho okanye elibandakanyeka kuphando lwe-forensic linokucutshungulwa nge-centrifugation ukuze kuchongwe izinto ezithile, ezifana ne-DNA, ukuze zihlalutywe. Oku kunceda ekuchongeni abenzi bobubi, ekusekeni amakhonkco, nasekuboneleleni ubungqina obubalulekileyo kumatyala asemthethweni.
Isiphelo:
Ukucoca igazi nge-centrifugation yindlela esisiseko evumela ukwahlulwa nokuhlaziywa kwamacandelo alo ahlukeneyo. Ngokuqonda inkqubo yokucoca igazi nge-centrifugation kunye nokubaluleka kokwahlula igazi nge-centrifugation, iingcali zonyango zinokwenza uxilongo oluchanekileyo, ziphuhlise unyango olutsha, kwaye ziqhubele phambili ulwazi lwesayensi. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, ukucoca igazi nge-centrifugation kuyaqhubeka nokuba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwicandelo lezonyango nophando.
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