lapho igazi lifakwa endaweni ephakathi nendawo futhi izingxenye zalo zihlukana

Uma Igazi Lisetshenziswa Enkabeni Yendawo Futhi Izingxenye Zalo Zihlukana

Isingeniso:

Igazi liwuketshezi oluyinkimbinkimbi emizimbeni yethu olusebenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile edingekayo ukuze siphile. Lakhiwe yizingxenye ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ama-platelet, kanye ne-plasma. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kuba nesidingo sokuhlukanisa lezi zingxenye ngezinjongo zokuxilonga noma zokwelapha. Enye yezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kabanzi kule njongo i-centrifugation. I-centrifugation yegazi ivumela ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlaziywa kwezingxenye zalo ngendlela elawulwayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola inqubo ye-centrifugation yegazi nokuthi izingxenye zalo zihlukana kanjani, kanye nokubaluleka kwale ndlela ezisetshenziswayo kwezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene.

I. Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation:

I-Centrifugation inqubo esebenzisa isimiso se-sedimentation, lapho izinhlayiya ezixineneyo zihamba ziye phansi ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla e-centrifugal. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa emalabhorethri ukuhlukanisa izinto ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo nobukhulu bazo. Uma zisetshenziswa egazini, izingxenye ezikuyo zingahlukaniswa, okuvumela ukuhlaziywa okwengeziwe.

II. Inqubo Yokucisha Ugesi:

Ukwehlukanisa igazi kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana zokufeza ukuhlukana ngempumelelo nangokunembile:

A. Ukuqoqwa Kwesampula Yegazi:

Okokuqala, inani elincane legazi liqoqwa esigulini kusetshenziswa inalithi nesipetu. Igazi lidonswa ngokucophelela lifakwe epayipini lokuqoqwa noma ebhodleleni elikhethekile lokuqoqwa kwegazi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukungcola kwangaphandle okufakwayo.

B. Ukulungiselela i-Centrifugation:

Uma seliqoqiwe, isampula yegazi iyacutshungulwa ukuqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa okuhle ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-centrifugation. Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka i-anticoagulant ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi nokuxuba igazi ngokucophelela ukuze kusatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo i-anticoagulant.

C. Ukulayisha i-Centrifuge:

Ngemva kokulungiswa, isampula yegazi ifakwa emapayipini akhethekile aklanyelwe ukucutshungulwa. Lawa mapayipi alinganisiwe ukuze kugwenywe noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka phakathi nenqubo futhi avame ukufakwa kumasethi ukuze kufakwe amasampula amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

D. Isivinini kanye Nesikhathi Sokucisha Ukushisa:

Ijubane kanye nobude besikhathi sokusebenza kwe-centrifugation kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zokuhlaziywa. Ijubane eliphezulu lisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izingxenye eziminyene njengamaseli abomvu egazi, kuyilapho ijubane eliphansi linganele ukuhlukanisa i-plasma kwezinye izingxenye.

E. Inqubo Yokucisha Ukushisa:

Uma i-centrifuge iqala, ijikeleza ngokushesha amapayipi egazi ngendlela ejikelezayo. Amandla e-centrifugal aphumayo asunduza izingxenye ezixineneyo ziye phansi kwamapayipi, akha izendlalelo ezihlukile.

III. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezingxenye:

Inqubo ye-centrifugation ivumela ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zegazi ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo, lapho ingxenye ngayinye ithatha indawo ethile ngaphakathi kwepayipi:

A. Ungqimba Olungezansi: Amaseli Egazi Abomvu (ama-RBC)

Njengengxenye yegazi eningi kakhulu, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ahlala phansi kwepayipi ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwegazi. Lolu ngqimba luqinile futhi lubonakala lubomvu ngokujulile. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anesibopho sokuthuthwa komoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba.

B. Isendlalelo Esiphakathi: Ijazi Elithambile

Ngaphezu kwengqimba yamaseli abomvu egazi, kungabonakala ungqimba oluphakathi oluncane olwaziwa ngokuthi i-buffy coat. I-buffy coat iqukethe amaseli amhlophe egazi, ama-platelet, kanye nezinye izinsalela zamaseli. Ukuhlukanisa i-buffy coat kubalulekile ngezinjongo zokuxilonga, njengoba kuvumela ukuhlaziywa kwezinhlobo ezithile zamaseli ngaphakathi kwayo.

C. Isendlalelo Esiphezulu: I-Plasma

Ingqimba ephezulu kakhulu kusampula yegazi elihlanganisiwe yi-plasma. I-plasma iwuketshezi oluphuzi oluqukethe amanzi, amaprotheni, i-glucose, ama-electrolyte, ama-hormone, kanye nemikhiqizo yokungcola. Isebenza njengendawo yokuthutha izakhamzimba, ama-hormone, kanye nokungcola emzimbeni wonke.

IV. Ukubaluleka kanye Nezicelo:

Ukufakwa kwegazi endaweni evulekile kudlala indima ebalulekile ezindleleni ezahlukene zezokwelapha, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlaziywa kwezingxenye ezithile. Ezinye zezindlela ezibalulekile zifaka:

A. Ukuxilonga Izifo:

Ngokuhlukanisa nokuhlaziya izingxenye ezithile zegazi, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bangathola futhi baxilonge izifo ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, amazinga angajwayelekile amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi angase abonise ukutheleleka, kanti inani elandayo lama-platelet lingase libonise ukuphazamiseka kokopha.

B. Ukumpontshelwa Igazi:

Ukwehlukanisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi egazini lomnikeli, okwenza ukuba igazi lawo lifakwe ngokuphephile esigulini esiludingayo. Izingxenye ezisele, njenge-plasma nama-platelet, nazo zingahlukaniswa futhi zisetshenziswe ngezinjongo ezithile zokumpontshelwa igazi.

C. Ucwaningo Nentuthuko:

I-Centrifugation isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zocwaningo nentuthuko ukuze kufundwe izingxenye ezithile zegazi noma kuthuthukiswe izivivinyo ezintsha zokuxilonga. Ikhono lokuhlukanisa nokuhlaziya izingxenye ezahlukene zegazi lisiza ekuqondeni izifo, ekuthuthukiseni ukwelashwa, nasekuthuthukiseni ulwazi lwezokwelapha.

D. Izinqubo Zokwelapha:

Ezinqubweni ezithile zokwelapha, njengokwelashwa nge-plasma ecebile ngama-platelet, i-centrifugation isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa nokugxilisa izingxenye ezithile zegazi ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa okuqondiwe. Isibonelo, ama-platelet angakhishwa futhi afakwe emalungeni ukuze kusizwe ekwelapheni izicubu futhi kuncishiswe ukuvuvukala.

E. Uphenyo Lwezobunhloli:

Igazi elitholakale ezindaweni zobugebengu noma elihilelekile ophenyweni lwezobunhloli lingacutshungulwa nge-centrifugation ukuze kutholakale izingxenye ezithile, njenge-DNA, ukuze zihlaziywe. Lokhu kusiza ekuboneni abenzi bobubi, ekusunguleni izixhumanisi, nasekuhlinzekeni ubufakazi obubalulekile emacaleni ezomthetho.

Isiphetho:

Ukwehlukanisa igazi nge-centrifugation kuyindlela eyisisekelo evumela ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlaziywa kwezingxenye zalo ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuqonda inqubo yokwehlukanisa igazi nge-centrifugation kanye nokubaluleka kokuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bangenza ukuxilongwa okunembile, bathuthukise ukwelashwa okusha, futhi bathuthukise ulwazi lwesayensi. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe, ukwehlukanisa igazi nge-centrifugation kuyaqhubeka nokuba ithuluzi elibalulekile emkhakheni wezokwelapha nocwaningo.