uma igazi elisha lifakwa ku-centrifuge liyahlukana

Uma Igazi Elisha Lifakwa Enkabeni, Liyahlukana

Isingeniso:

Inqubo yokuhlukanisa igazi ema-laboratory ezokwelapha idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni izingxenye ezahlukene zegazi elisha. Le ndlela isebenzisa isimiso sokwehluka kobuningi ukuze ihlukanise amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, i-plasma, nama-platelet. Ngokujikelezisa isampula yegazi ku-centrifuge, izingxenye ziyahlukana zibe izendlalelo ezihlukile, okuvumela ukuhlaziywa okwengeziwe kanye nokuxilongwa. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola inqubo yokuhlukanisa igazi kanye nokubaluleka kwayo ezindleleni ezahlukene zezokwelapha.

Ukuqonda i-Centrifugation:

1. Isimiso Sokugqamisa:

I-Centrifugation incike esimisweni se-sedimentation, esithi izinhlayiya ezixineneyo zihlala phansi uma zilenga oketshezini. Endabeni yegazi, lokhu kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, njengoba exinene kakhulu kune-plasma, azohlala phansi futhi akhe ungqimba oluphansi kakhulu ngemva kwe-centrifugation.

2. Izinhlobo zama-Centrifuge:

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-centrifuge asetshenziswa emalabhorethri. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-centrifuge enesivinini esikhulu, i-ultracentrifuge, kanye ne-microcentrifuge. Ama-centrifuge anesivinini esikhulu anomthamo omkhulu futhi asetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa okukhulu. Ama-ultracentrifuge, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angafinyelela isivinini esikhulu sokujikeleza futhi asetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezincane, njengegciwane kanye nama-macromolecule. Ama-microcentrifuge aqinile futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlolweni okuvamile kwelabhorethri yemitholampilo.

Inqubo Yoku-Centrifugation:

1. Iqoqo Lesampula:

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-centrifuge, isampula yegazi iqoqwa kusetshenziswa isirinji noma inaliti. Ama-anticoagulant ayengezwa ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi phakathi nenqubo. Isampula bese idluliselwa ngokucophelela epayipini le-centrifuge.

2. Ukubekwa ku-Centrifuge:

Amapayipi e-centrifuge aqukethe amasampula egazi afakwa ku-centrifuge rotor. Kubalulekile ukusabalalisa amapayipi ngokulinganayo ukuze kujikelezwe kahle futhi kuhlukaniswe kahle.

3. Ukusetha Isivinini Nesikhathi:

Izilungiselelo zesivinini nesikhathi ezifanele ziyahlukahluka ngokusekelwe ekuhlukanisweni okufiswayo kanye nohlobo lwe-centrifuge esetshenziswayo. Ngokuvamile, isivinini esiphezulu sisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amaseli abomvu egazi ku-plasma.

4. Ukushintshashintsha kwe-Centrifugation:

Uma izilungiselelo zejubane nesikhathi sezilungisiwe, i-centrifuge iyaqalwa. Njengoba i-rotor ijikeleza ngokushesha, izingxenye zegazi ziyahlukana ngenxa yobuningi bazo obuhlukene. Amaseli egazi abomvu ayahamba aye phansi (i-pellet), kuyilapho i-plasma ikhuphukela phezulu, ishiya ungqimba olucacile phakathi kwalokhu okwaziwa ngokuthi i-buffy coat.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Centrifugation kwezokwelapha:

1. Ukumpontshelwa Igazi:

Ukufaka i-centrifugation kubalulekile ekuqoqweni nasekuhlukanisweni kwezingxenye zegazi ngesikhathi sokumpontshelwa igazi. Ngokuhlukanisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, i-plasma, nama-platelet, kuba lula ukukhipha izingxenye ezithile zokumpontshelwa igazi nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesiguli.

2. Ukuhlolwa Kokuxilonga:

Ekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha, i-centrifugation isetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) kudinga ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli abomvu egazi kusuka ku-plasma ukuze kulinganiswe amazinga e-hematocrit kanye ne-hemoglobin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izivivinyo, njengokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi nezinso, zithembele ku-centrifugation ukuze kuhlukaniswe i-serum noma i-plasma ukuze kuhlaziywe.

3. Ucwaningo Lweselula:

Ukwehlukanisa amaseli kusiza ekuhlukaniseni nasekuhlanzeni izinhlobo ezithile zamaseli ngenhloso yocwaningo. Ngokuhlukanisa amaseli kwezinye izingxenye zegazi, abacwaningi bangafunda ngemininingwane izinhlobo ezithile zamaseli, njengamaseli amhlophe egazi noma amaseli okuqala.

4. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwemithi:

Embonini yezemithi, i-centrifugation ivame ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwemithi kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula okulandelayo, i-centrifugation isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amaseli kusuka ku-fermentation broths, ukuvuna imikhiqizo yamaseli, nokususa udoti wamaseli.

Isiphetho:

I-Centrifugation iyindlela ebalulekile esetshenziswa emalabhorethri ezokwelapha ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zegazi ngezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Ngokusebenzisa isimiso sokwehlukaniswa kwe-sedimentation kanye nokwehluka kobuningi, i-centrifugation ivumela ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ezithile, okusiza ekuhlolweni kokuxilonga, ocwaningweni, nasekuthuthukisweni kwemithi. Ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukayo, amasu e-centrifugation ayaqhubeka nokukhula, okwenza ukuhlukaniswa kwegazi kusebenze kahle futhi kunembe kakhudlwana.