uyini umshini we-centrifuge

Uyini uMshini we-Centrifuge?

Isingeniso

Umshini we-centrifuge uyingxenye ebalulekile yemishini esetshenziswa ezimbonini nasemalabhorethri ahlukahlukene. Usebenzisa umgomo we-centrifugation ukuhlukanisa izinto ezinobukhulu obuhlukene ngaphakathi kwengxube yoketshezi noma yegesi. Le nqubo incike ekwakhiweni kwamandla e-centrifugal, okubangela ukuthi izinhlayiya ezixineneyo ziphume ngaphandle, kuyilapho ezikhanyayo zihlala ziseduze nendawo ephakathi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokujulile umshini we-centrifuge, sihlola isimiso sawo sokusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza, izinhlobo, kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile.

Ukuqonda Isimiso Sokusebenza

Umshini we-centrifuge uwukusungulwa okumangalisayo okusebenzisa amandla asebenza entweni ejikelezayo. Usebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal, alwa namandla adonsela phansi, okuholela ekuhlukanisweni kwezinto ezahlukahlukene. Umshini uqukethe isigubhu esijikelezayo esinejubane elikhulu, esibizwa ngokuthi i-rotor, esibamba isampula ukuthi i-centrifuge. Lapho i-rotor ijikeleza ngokushesha, kukhiqizwa amandla e-centripetal, asunduza izinhlayiya ziye emaphethelweni angaphandle e-rotor ngenkathi kwakheka i-gradient yobuningi bezinhlayiya.

Izicelo ku-Biotechnology kanye neSayensi Yezokwelapha

1. Ukuhlaziywa Kwesampula Yegazi

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-centrifugation kusekuhlaziyweni kwesampula yegazi. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni izingxenye zegazi, njengeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ama-platelet, kanye ne-plasma. Ngokujikelezisa isampula yegazi ku-centrifuge, amangqamuzana egazi aminyene ahlukaniswa ne-plasma, okwenza kube lula ukuxilongwa kwelabhorethri futhi kuvumele ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwemingcele ehlukahlukene.

2. Ukuhlanzwa kwama-molecule ezinto eziphilayo

I-Centrifugation isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlanzweni kwama-molecule ezinto eziphilayo. Isibonelo, ekukhishweni kwe-DNA, i-centrifugation ihlukanisa ngempumelelo i-DNA kwezinye izingxenye zamaseli, njengeprotheni nama-nucleic acid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-centrifuge asetshenziselwa ukuhlanza amaprotheni nokuhlukanisa ama-organelle athile kuma-homogenate amaseli, okusiza ocwaningweni oluhlobene ne-biology yamaseli kanye ne-biology yama-molecular.

Izinhlobo Zemishini Ye-Centrifuge

1. I-Fixed Angle Rotor Centrifuge

I-fixed-angle rotor centrifuge iwuhlobo lomshini we-centrifuge osetshenziswa kakhulu. Ine-rotor ehlala ekhoneni eliqondile, ngokuvamile ephakathi kwama-degrees angu-20 kuya kwangu-40. Lo mklamo we-rotor uvumela ukuhlukaniswa okusheshayo kwezinhlayiya ngenxa yamandla e-centrifugal asebenza ngokuqondile ebusweni bamashubhu esampula. Ama-fixed-angle rotor centrifuge avame ukusetshenziswa lapho kucutshungulwa amavolumu amancane esampula.

2. I-Swing-bucket Rotor Centrifuge

I-swing-bucket rotor centrifuge ingenye indlela esetshenziswa kabanzi emalabhorethri. Iqukethe i-rotor enezinto ezifana nebhakede eziphuma ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, okuvumela amashubhu esampula ukuthi ahlale ekhoneni. Lo mklamo wenza kube lula ukuphatha isampula futhi unciphisa amathuba okungcoliswa okuphambene. Ama-swing-bucket rotor centrifuge afanelekela amasampula amaningi futhi avame ukutholakala emalabhorethri okuxilonga emtholampilo.

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zomshini We-Centrifuge

1. I-Rotor

I-rotor iyisici esibalulekile sanoma yimuphi umshini we-centrifuge. Iyisakhiwo esiyisilinda esikwazi ukujikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu. Uhlobo lwe-rotor esetshenziswayo luncike ezidingweni zokusetshenziswa kanye nomthamo wesampula. Ama-rotor angaba yi-angle engaguquki, ibhakede elijikayo, aqonde phezulu, noma avundlile, ngalinye liklanyelwe ukwamukela izinhlobo ezithile zamasampula.

2. Uhlelo Lokushayela

Uhlelo lokushayela lomshini we-centrifuge luguqula ukunyakaza kokujikeleza kwemoto kube ukuzungeza ngesivinini esikhulu okudingekayo ukuze kugxilwe. Ngokuvamile luqukethe injini, ibhande lokushayela, kanye nama-pulley. Injini ishayela i-rotor ngokuxhumana komshini, iqinisekisa isivinini sokujikeleza esiqhubekayo nesithembekile ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlukanisa.

3. Iphaneli Yokulawula

Imishini ye-Centrifuge ifakwe amaphaneli okulawula avumela abasebenzisi ukusetha nokulawula amapharamitha ahlukahlukene. Lawa maphaneli avame ukufaka izilungiselelo zesivinini, isikhathi, izinga lokushisa, kanye namazinga okusheshisa kanye nokwehla kwejubane. Amamodeli athuthukile angafaka nezinhlelo ezisethiwe ngaphambilini kanye nezici zokuphepha, njengezivalo kanye nezinhlelo zokuthola ukungalingani.

4. Izici Zokuphepha

Imishini ye-Centrifuge ifaka izici zokuphepha ezahlukahlukene ukuvikela abasebenzisi kanye namasampula. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izingidi zezivalo ezivimbela ukuvulwa ngengozi ngesikhathi sokusebenza, izinhlelo zokuthola ukungalingani ezimisa umshini ngokushesha uma umthwalo ungalingani, kanye nezinkinobho zokuma eziphuthumayo zokuvala ngokushesha.

Isiphetho

Ekuphetheni, umshini we-centrifuge uyithuluzi elimangalisayo elithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ezimbonini nasema-laboratory. Ngokusebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal, uhlukanisa ngempumelelo izinto ezinobukhulu obuhlukene ngaphakathi kwengxube, okwenza kube lula izinqubo zesayensi nezokuhlaziya ezahlukahlukene. Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwesampula yegazi kuya ekukhishweni kwe-DNA kanye nokuhlanzwa kwamaprotheni, umshini we-centrifuge uhlala uyithuluzi elibalulekile emikhakheni ye-biotechnology kanye nesayensi yezokwelapha. Ngokuqonda isimiso sawo sokusebenza, ukusetshenziswa, izinhlobo, kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile, singaqonda indima ebalulekile edlalwa umshini we-centrifuge ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi kanye nocwaningo.